Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix
The development of injectable hydrogels with natural biopolymers such as gelatin (Ge) and hyaluronic acid (Ha) is widely performed due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The combination of both polymers crosslinked with N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/5/573 |
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| author | Katia Jarquín-Yáñez Miguel Ángel Herrera-Enríquez Diego Ivan Benítez-Barrera Francisco M. Sánchez-Arévalo Jorge Alejandro Benítez-Martínez Gabriela Piñón-Zárate Beatriz Hernández-Téllez Diana M. Aguilar Sandoval Andrés E. Castell-Rodríguez |
| author_facet | Katia Jarquín-Yáñez Miguel Ángel Herrera-Enríquez Diego Ivan Benítez-Barrera Francisco M. Sánchez-Arévalo Jorge Alejandro Benítez-Martínez Gabriela Piñón-Zárate Beatriz Hernández-Téllez Diana M. Aguilar Sandoval Andrés E. Castell-Rodríguez |
| author_sort | Katia Jarquín-Yáñez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of injectable hydrogels with natural biopolymers such as gelatin (Ge) and hyaluronic acid (Ha) is widely performed due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The combination of both polymers crosslinked with N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) can be used as an innovative dermal filler that stimulates fibroblast activity and increases skin elasticity and tightness. Thus, crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels with different concentrations of EDC were administered subcutaneously to test their efficacy in young and old rats. At higher EDC concentrations, the viscosity decreases while the particle size of the hydrogels increases. At all concentrations of EDC, amino and carboxyl groups are present. The histological analysis shows an acute inflammatory response, which disappears seven days after application. At one and three months post-treatment, no remains of the hydrogels are found, and the number of fibroblasts increases in all groups in comparison with the control. In addition, the elastic modulus of the skin increases after three months of treatment. Because EDC-crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels are biocompatible and induce increased skin tension, fibroblast proliferation, and de novo extracellular matrix production, we propose their use as a treatment to attenuate wrinkles and expression lines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:22:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddd6dcf9031b4911bc0a1dedf3580666 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:22:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddd6dcf9031b4911bc0a1dedf35806662024-03-12T16:53:16ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602024-02-0116557310.3390/polym16050573Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular MatrixKatia Jarquín-Yáñez0Miguel Ángel Herrera-Enríquez1Diego Ivan Benítez-Barrera2Francisco M. Sánchez-Arévalo3Jorge Alejandro Benítez-Martínez4Gabriela Piñón-Zárate5Beatriz Hernández-Téllez6Diana M. Aguilar Sandoval7Andrés E. Castell-Rodríguez8Facultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoMaterials Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoMaterials Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoMaterials Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoThe development of injectable hydrogels with natural biopolymers such as gelatin (Ge) and hyaluronic acid (Ha) is widely performed due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The combination of both polymers crosslinked with N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) can be used as an innovative dermal filler that stimulates fibroblast activity and increases skin elasticity and tightness. Thus, crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels with different concentrations of EDC were administered subcutaneously to test their efficacy in young and old rats. At higher EDC concentrations, the viscosity decreases while the particle size of the hydrogels increases. At all concentrations of EDC, amino and carboxyl groups are present. The histological analysis shows an acute inflammatory response, which disappears seven days after application. At one and three months post-treatment, no remains of the hydrogels are found, and the number of fibroblasts increases in all groups in comparison with the control. In addition, the elastic modulus of the skin increases after three months of treatment. Because EDC-crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels are biocompatible and induce increased skin tension, fibroblast proliferation, and de novo extracellular matrix production, we propose their use as a treatment to attenuate wrinkles and expression lines.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/5/573hydrogelsEDCskin fillersbiocompatible materialstissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Katia Jarquín-Yáñez Miguel Ángel Herrera-Enríquez Diego Ivan Benítez-Barrera Francisco M. Sánchez-Arévalo Jorge Alejandro Benítez-Martínez Gabriela Piñón-Zárate Beatriz Hernández-Téllez Diana M. Aguilar Sandoval Andrés E. Castell-Rodríguez Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix Polymers hydrogels EDC skin fillers biocompatible materials tissue engineering |
| title | Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix |
| title_full | Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix |
| title_fullStr | Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix |
| title_short | Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix |
| title_sort | subcutaneous application of a gelatin hyaluronic acid hydrogel induces the production of skin extracellular matrix |
| topic | hydrogels EDC skin fillers biocompatible materials tissue engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/5/573 |
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