The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1
We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) high-resolution (≲0.3″) observations of water emission lines p -H _2 O(2 _02 − 1 _11 ), o -H _2 O(3 _21 − 3 _12 ), p -H _2 O(4 _22 − 4 _13 ), in the strongly lensed galaxy HATLASJ113526.2-01460 at redshift z ∼3.1. From the lensing-reconst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accd72 |
| _version_ | 1797698919723958272 |
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| author | Francesca Perrotta Marika Giulietti Marcella Massardi Giovanni Gandolfi Tommaso Ronconi Maria Vittoria Zanchettin Quirino D’ Amato Meriem Behiri Martina Torsello Francesco Gabrielli Lumen Boco Vincenzo Galluzzi Andrea Lapi |
| author_facet | Francesca Perrotta Marika Giulietti Marcella Massardi Giovanni Gandolfi Tommaso Ronconi Maria Vittoria Zanchettin Quirino D’ Amato Meriem Behiri Martina Torsello Francesco Gabrielli Lumen Boco Vincenzo Galluzzi Andrea Lapi |
| author_sort | Francesca Perrotta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) high-resolution (≲0.3″) observations of water emission lines p -H _2 O(2 _02 − 1 _11 ), o -H _2 O(3 _21 − 3 _12 ), p -H _2 O(4 _22 − 4 _13 ), in the strongly lensed galaxy HATLASJ113526.2-01460 at redshift z ∼3.1. From the lensing-reconstructed maps of water emission and line profiles, we infer the general physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the molecular clouds where the lines arise. We find that the water vapor lines o- H _2 O(3 _21 − 3 _12 ), p -H _2 O(4 _22 − 4 _13 ) are mainly excited by far-infrared (FIR) pumping from dust radiation in a warm and dense environment, with dust temperatures ranging from 70 to ∼100 K, as suggested by the line ratios. The p -H _2 O(2 _02 − 1 _11 ) line, instead, is excited by a complex interplay between FIR pumping and collisional excitation in the dense core of the star-forming region. This scenario is also supported by the detection of the medium-level excitation of CO resulting in the line emission CO ( J = 8–7). Thanks to the unprecedented high resolution offered by the combination of ALMA capabilities and gravitational lensing, we discern the different phases of the ISM and locate the hot molecular clouds into a physical scale of ∼500 pc. We discuss the possibility of J1135 hosting an active galactic nucleus in its accretion phase. Finally, we determine the relation between the water emission lines and the total IR luminosity of J1135, as well as the star formation rate as a function of water emission intensities, comparing the outcomes to local and high- z galactic samples from the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:01:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddd79f7f90454eb9b49eabbf64cf6772 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:01:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddd79f7f90454eb9b49eabbf64cf67722023-09-03T11:34:55ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195219010.3847/1538-4357/accd72The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1Francesca Perrotta0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-0843Marika Giulietti1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-4496Marcella Massardi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-8330Giovanni Gandolfi3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-5666Tommaso Ronconi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-6801Maria Vittoria Zanchettin5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-496XQuirino D’ Amato6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-0897Meriem Behiri7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-8547Martina Torsello8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-5209Francesco Gabrielli9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-9170Lumen Boco10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-922XVincenzo Galluzzi11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-7044Andrea Lapi12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-1735SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.itSISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; IRA-INAF, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; Italian ARC, IRA-INAF, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; IFPU, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy; INFN-Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; IFPU, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; OATS-INAF, Via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; IRA-INAF, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.itSISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.itSISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.itSISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; IFPU, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, ItalyIRA-INAF, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; OATS-INAF, Via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy ; perrotta@sissa.it; IRA-INAF, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; IFPU, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy; INFN-Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, ItalyWe report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) high-resolution (≲0.3″) observations of water emission lines p -H _2 O(2 _02 − 1 _11 ), o -H _2 O(3 _21 − 3 _12 ), p -H _2 O(4 _22 − 4 _13 ), in the strongly lensed galaxy HATLASJ113526.2-01460 at redshift z ∼3.1. From the lensing-reconstructed maps of water emission and line profiles, we infer the general physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the molecular clouds where the lines arise. We find that the water vapor lines o- H _2 O(3 _21 − 3 _12 ), p -H _2 O(4 _22 − 4 _13 ) are mainly excited by far-infrared (FIR) pumping from dust radiation in a warm and dense environment, with dust temperatures ranging from 70 to ∼100 K, as suggested by the line ratios. The p -H _2 O(2 _02 − 1 _11 ) line, instead, is excited by a complex interplay between FIR pumping and collisional excitation in the dense core of the star-forming region. This scenario is also supported by the detection of the medium-level excitation of CO resulting in the line emission CO ( J = 8–7). Thanks to the unprecedented high resolution offered by the combination of ALMA capabilities and gravitational lensing, we discern the different phases of the ISM and locate the hot molecular clouds into a physical scale of ∼500 pc. We discuss the possibility of J1135 hosting an active galactic nucleus in its accretion phase. Finally, we determine the relation between the water emission lines and the total IR luminosity of J1135, as well as the star formation rate as a function of water emission intensities, comparing the outcomes to local and high- z galactic samples from the literature.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accd72Star forming regionsInterstellar thermal emission |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Perrotta Marika Giulietti Marcella Massardi Giovanni Gandolfi Tommaso Ronconi Maria Vittoria Zanchettin Quirino D’ Amato Meriem Behiri Martina Torsello Francesco Gabrielli Lumen Boco Vincenzo Galluzzi Andrea Lapi The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1 The Astrophysical Journal Star forming regions Interstellar thermal emission |
| title | The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1 |
| title_full | The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1 |
| title_fullStr | The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1 |
| title_short | The Way of Water: ALMA Resolves H2O Emission Lines in a Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 3.1 |
| title_sort | way of water alma resolves h2o emission lines in a strongly lensed dusty star forming galaxy at z ∼ 3 1 |
| topic | Star forming regions Interstellar thermal emission |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accd72 |
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