Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis
Sea ice is one the largest biomes on earth, yet it is poorly described by biogeochemical and climate models. In this paper, published and unpublished data on sympagic (ice-associated) algal biodiversity and productivity have been compiled from more than 300 sea-ice cores and organized into a systema...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioOne
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/267 |
| _version_ | 1818512699255947264 |
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| author | Maria van Leeuwe Letizia Tedesco Kevin R. Arrigo Philipp Assmy Karley Campbell Klaus M. Meiners Janne-Markus Rintala Virginia Selz David N. Thomas Jacqueline Stefels |
| author_facet | Maria van Leeuwe Letizia Tedesco Kevin R. Arrigo Philipp Assmy Karley Campbell Klaus M. Meiners Janne-Markus Rintala Virginia Selz David N. Thomas Jacqueline Stefels |
| author_sort | Maria van Leeuwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sea ice is one the largest biomes on earth, yet it is poorly described by biogeochemical and climate models. In this paper, published and unpublished data on sympagic (ice-associated) algal biodiversity and productivity have been compiled from more than 300 sea-ice cores and organized into a systematic framework. Significant patterns in microalgal community structure emerged from this framework. Autotrophic flagellates characterize surface communities, interior communities consist of mixed microalgal populations and pennate diatoms dominate bottom communities. There is overlap between landfast and pack-ice communities, which supports the hypothesis that sympagic microalgae originate from the pelagic environment. Distribution in the Arctic is sometimes quite different compared to the Antarctic. This difference may be related to the time of sampling or lack of dedicated studies. Seasonality has a significant impact on species distribution, with a potentially greater role for flagellates and centric diatoms in early spring. The role of sea-ice algae in seeding pelagic blooms remains uncertain. Photosynthesis in sea ice is mainly controlled by environmental factors on a small scale and therefore cannot be linked to specific ice types. Overall, sea-ice communities show a high capacity for photoacclimation but low maximum productivity compared to pelagic phytoplankton. Low carbon assimilation rates probably result from adaptation to extreme conditions of reduced light and temperature in winter. We hypothesize that in the near future, bottom communities will develop earlier in the season and develop more biomass over a shorter period of time as light penetration increases due to the thinning of sea ice. The Arctic is already witnessing changes. The shift forward in time of the algal bloom can result in a mismatch in trophic relations, but the biogeochemical consequences are still hard to predict. With this paper we provide a number of parameters required to improve the reliability of sea-ice biogeochemical models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:50:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dde55f896b0c49bdbb15622c4c0f7d37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2325-1026 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:50:35Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | BioOne |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| spelling | doaj.art-dde55f896b0c49bdbb15622c4c0f7d372022-12-22T01:28:48ZengBioOneElementa: Science of the Anthropocene2325-10262018-01-016110.1525/elementa.267227Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesisMaria van Leeuwe0Letizia Tedesco1Kevin R. Arrigo2Philipp Assmy3Karley Campbell4Klaus M. Meiners5Janne-Markus Rintala6Virginia Selz7David N. Thomas8Jacqueline Stefels9University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, GroningenFinnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine Research Centre, HelsinkiEarth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford CANorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, TromsøUniversity of Manitoba, Centre for Earth Observation Science, WinnipegAustralian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Kingston, Tasmania; and Australia and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, AU; and School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, AngleseyDepartment Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiEarth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford CAFinnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine Research Centre, Helsinki, FI; and School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, AngleseyUniversity of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, GroningenSea ice is one the largest biomes on earth, yet it is poorly described by biogeochemical and climate models. In this paper, published and unpublished data on sympagic (ice-associated) algal biodiversity and productivity have been compiled from more than 300 sea-ice cores and organized into a systematic framework. Significant patterns in microalgal community structure emerged from this framework. Autotrophic flagellates characterize surface communities, interior communities consist of mixed microalgal populations and pennate diatoms dominate bottom communities. There is overlap between landfast and pack-ice communities, which supports the hypothesis that sympagic microalgae originate from the pelagic environment. Distribution in the Arctic is sometimes quite different compared to the Antarctic. This difference may be related to the time of sampling or lack of dedicated studies. Seasonality has a significant impact on species distribution, with a potentially greater role for flagellates and centric diatoms in early spring. The role of sea-ice algae in seeding pelagic blooms remains uncertain. Photosynthesis in sea ice is mainly controlled by environmental factors on a small scale and therefore cannot be linked to specific ice types. Overall, sea-ice communities show a high capacity for photoacclimation but low maximum productivity compared to pelagic phytoplankton. Low carbon assimilation rates probably result from adaptation to extreme conditions of reduced light and temperature in winter. We hypothesize that in the near future, bottom communities will develop earlier in the season and develop more biomass over a shorter period of time as light penetration increases due to the thinning of sea ice. The Arctic is already witnessing changes. The shift forward in time of the algal bloom can result in a mismatch in trophic relations, but the biogeochemical consequences are still hard to predict. With this paper we provide a number of parameters required to improve the reliability of sea-ice biogeochemical models.https://www.elementascience.org/articles/267biogeochemical modelsfunctional groupsmicroalgaeproductionsea ice |
| spellingShingle | Maria van Leeuwe Letizia Tedesco Kevin R. Arrigo Philipp Assmy Karley Campbell Klaus M. Meiners Janne-Markus Rintala Virginia Selz David N. Thomas Jacqueline Stefels Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene biogeochemical models functional groups microalgae production sea ice |
| title | Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis |
| title_full | Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis |
| title_short | Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis |
| title_sort | microalgal community structure and primary production in arctic and antarctic sea ice a synthesis |
| topic | biogeochemical models functional groups microalgae production sea ice |
| url | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/267 |
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