Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review
Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide with a high impact on human and animal health. Body fluids such as milk are used to diagnose many parasitic diseases, including toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of milk as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26523 |
| _version_ | 1811181704379891712 |
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| author | Tooran Nayeri Shahabeddin Sarvi Rohallah Abedian Shaban Gohardehi Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Ahmad Daryani |
| author_facet | Tooran Nayeri Shahabeddin Sarvi Rohallah Abedian Shaban Gohardehi Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Ahmad Daryani |
| author_sort | Tooran Nayeri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide with a high impact on human and animal health. Body fluids such as milk are used to diagnose many parasitic diseases, including toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of milk as a non-invasive and alternative sample for serum in the diagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis.
Methods: Five English-language databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) were explored for published articles before Dec 2020.
Results: In total, 42 out of 2256 published articles were included in this systematic review. In 21 articles, serum and milk samples were evaluated simultaneously with serological or molecular tests, and the results were compared. The results of descriptive studies and a review of nine experimental studies showed that milk could be used as a non-invasive and alternative sample for the serum in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in milk, consumption of raw milk from infected animals can be a potential source of human infection and a significant threat to public health. On the other hand, due to the ease and cheapness of collecting milk samples, the use of milk is recommended for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:20:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddea572bc00448189320b0b3a13a44d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2251-6085 2251-6093 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:20:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddea572bc00448189320b0b3a13a44d12022-12-22T04:32:12ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Public Health2251-60852251-60932022-09-0151910.18502/ijph.v51i9.10551Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic ReviewTooran Nayeri0Shahabeddin Sarvi1Rohallah Abedian2Shaban Gohardehi3Seyed Abdollah Hosseini4Ahmad Daryani51. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranDepartment of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide with a high impact on human and animal health. Body fluids such as milk are used to diagnose many parasitic diseases, including toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of milk as a non-invasive and alternative sample for serum in the diagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis. Methods: Five English-language databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) were explored for published articles before Dec 2020. Results: In total, 42 out of 2256 published articles were included in this systematic review. In 21 articles, serum and milk samples were evaluated simultaneously with serological or molecular tests, and the results were compared. The results of descriptive studies and a review of nine experimental studies showed that milk could be used as a non-invasive and alternative sample for the serum in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in milk, consumption of raw milk from infected animals can be a potential source of human infection and a significant threat to public health. On the other hand, due to the ease and cheapness of collecting milk samples, the use of milk is recommended for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26523Toxoplasma gondiiNon-invasive samplesMilkSerologicalMolecular |
| spellingShingle | Tooran Nayeri Shahabeddin Sarvi Rohallah Abedian Shaban Gohardehi Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Ahmad Daryani Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review Iranian Journal of Public Health Toxoplasma gondii Non-invasive samples Milk Serological Molecular |
| title | Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Milk as a Non-Invasive and Alternative Sample for Serum in the Diagnosis of Animal Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | milk as a non invasive and alternative sample for serum in the diagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis a systematic review |
| topic | Toxoplasma gondii Non-invasive samples Milk Serological Molecular |
| url | https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26523 |
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