Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’
Bulblets, as the main reproductive organ of lilies, have a tremendous impact on the reproductive efficiency of lilies. Cytokinin is known to promote the formation of lily bulblets, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. In this study, a combination of full-length transcriptome and high-t...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/171 |
| _version_ | 1797298112284327936 |
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| author | Kewen Zhang Tong Lyu Yingmin Lyu |
| author_facet | Kewen Zhang Tong Lyu Yingmin Lyu |
| author_sort | Kewen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bulblets, as the main reproductive organ of lilies, have a tremendous impact on the reproductive efficiency of lilies. Cytokinin is known to promote the formation of lily bulblets, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. In this study, a combination of full-length transcriptome and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed at the leaf axils of LA lily ‘Aladdin’ to characterize the transcriptional response to 6-BA treatment during the critical period of stem-to-bulblet transition. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 6-BA treatment caused significant changes in starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone balance. In particular, the high expression of <i>SUS1</i> and <i>TPS6</i> in the 6-BA-treated group suggests that sucrose may act as a key signal to promote bulblet initiation. Furthermore, the induction of elevated expression of genes associated with cytokinin and auxin transport and signaling is crucial for initiating bulblet emergence and stimulating growth. WGCNA analysis revealed that hub TFs such as BLHs, ARFs, HD-ZIPs, AP2/ERFs, and SBPs were significantly overexpressed with genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone signaling, which warranted more in-depth functional studies. This study enriches the understanding of plant hormone-related genes, sugar metabolism-related genes and various transcription factors in the regulation of plant organ development, and lays the foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of lily stem bulblet formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddf41c62d2a14a9bbe194f33bc3735ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddf41c62d2a14a9bbe194f33bc3735ad2024-02-23T15:18:48ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-02-0110217110.3390/horticulturae10020171Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’Kewen Zhang0Tong Lyu1Yingmin Lyu2Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Flower Engineering Technology Research Center, Plant Institute, China Botanical Garden North Garden, Beijing 100093, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBulblets, as the main reproductive organ of lilies, have a tremendous impact on the reproductive efficiency of lilies. Cytokinin is known to promote the formation of lily bulblets, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. In this study, a combination of full-length transcriptome and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed at the leaf axils of LA lily ‘Aladdin’ to characterize the transcriptional response to 6-BA treatment during the critical period of stem-to-bulblet transition. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 6-BA treatment caused significant changes in starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone balance. In particular, the high expression of <i>SUS1</i> and <i>TPS6</i> in the 6-BA-treated group suggests that sucrose may act as a key signal to promote bulblet initiation. Furthermore, the induction of elevated expression of genes associated with cytokinin and auxin transport and signaling is crucial for initiating bulblet emergence and stimulating growth. WGCNA analysis revealed that hub TFs such as BLHs, ARFs, HD-ZIPs, AP2/ERFs, and SBPs were significantly overexpressed with genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone signaling, which warranted more in-depth functional studies. This study enriches the understanding of plant hormone-related genes, sugar metabolism-related genes and various transcription factors in the regulation of plant organ development, and lays the foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of lily stem bulblet formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/171LA hybrid lilystem bulblet formation6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA)phytohormone biosynthesis and signalingstarch and sucrose metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Kewen Zhang Tong Lyu Yingmin Lyu Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’ Horticulturae LA hybrid lily stem bulblet formation 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling starch and sucrose metabolism |
| title | Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’ |
| title_full | Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’ |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’ |
| title_short | Transcriptional Insights into Lily Stem Bulblet Formation: Hormonal Regulation, Sugar Metabolism, and Transcriptional Networks in LA Lily ‘Aladdin’ |
| title_sort | transcriptional insights into lily stem bulblet formation hormonal regulation sugar metabolism and transcriptional networks in la lily aladdin |
| topic | LA hybrid lily stem bulblet formation 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling starch and sucrose metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/171 |
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