Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran
Leaf area index (LAI), one of the most crucial vegetation biophysical variables, is required to evaluate the structural characteristic of plant communities. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the LAI of ecoregions in Iran obtained using Sentinel-2B, Landsat 8 (OLI), MODIS, and AVHRR data in Ju...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5731 |
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| author | Lida Andalibi Ardavan Ghorbani Roshanak Darvishzadeh Mehdi Moameri Zeinab Hazbavi Reza Jafari Farid Dadjou |
| author_facet | Lida Andalibi Ardavan Ghorbani Roshanak Darvishzadeh Mehdi Moameri Zeinab Hazbavi Reza Jafari Farid Dadjou |
| author_sort | Lida Andalibi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaf area index (LAI), one of the most crucial vegetation biophysical variables, is required to evaluate the structural characteristic of plant communities. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the LAI of ecoregions in Iran obtained using Sentinel-2B, Landsat 8 (OLI), MODIS, and AVHRR data in June and July 2020. A field survey was performed in different ecoregions throughout Ardabil Province during June and July 2020 under the satellite image dates. A Laipen LP 100 (LP 100) field-portable device was used to measure the LAI in 822 samples with different plant functional types (PFTs) of shrubs, bushes, and trees. The LAI was estimated using the SNAPv7.0.4 (Sentinel Application Platform) software for Sentinel-2B data and Google Earth Engine (GEE) system–based EVI for Landsat 8. At the same time, for MODIS and AVHRR, the LAI products of GEE were considered. The results of all satellite-based methods verified the LAI variations in space and time for every PFT. Based on Sentinel-2B, Landsat 8, MODIS, and AVHRR application, the minimum and maximum LAIs were respectively obtained at 0.14–1.78, 0.09–3.74, 0.82–4.69, and 0.35–2.73 for shrubs; 0.17–5.17, 0.3–2.3, 0.59–3.84, and 0.63–3.47 for bushes; and 0.3–4.4, 0.3–4.5, 0.7–4.3, and 0.5–3.3 for trees. These estimated values were lower than the LAI values of LP 100 (i.e., 0.4–4.10 for shrubs, 1.6–7.7 for bushes, and 3.1–6.8 for trees). A significant correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for almost all studied PFTs between LP 100-LAI and estimated LAI from sensors was also observed in Sentinel-2B (|r| > 0.63 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.89), Landsat 8 (|r| > 0.50 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.72), MODIS (|r| > 0.65 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.88), and AVHRR (|r| > 0.59 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.68). Due to its high spatial resolution and relatively significant correlation with terrestrial data, Sentinel-2B was more suitable for calculating the LAI. The results obtained from this study can be used in future studies on sustainable rangeland management and conservation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:02:27Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:02:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ddfe7bed54584abfbe6d3f524108b3472023-11-24T09:49:32ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-11-011422573110.3390/rs14225731Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern IranLida Andalibi0Ardavan Ghorbani1Roshanak Darvishzadeh2Mehdi Moameri3Zeinab Hazbavi4Reza Jafari5Farid Dadjou6Department of Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, IranDepartment of Natural Resources, Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, IranFaculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Natural Resources, Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, IranDepartment of Natural Resources, Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, IranDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranDepartment of Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, IranLeaf area index (LAI), one of the most crucial vegetation biophysical variables, is required to evaluate the structural characteristic of plant communities. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the LAI of ecoregions in Iran obtained using Sentinel-2B, Landsat 8 (OLI), MODIS, and AVHRR data in June and July 2020. A field survey was performed in different ecoregions throughout Ardabil Province during June and July 2020 under the satellite image dates. A Laipen LP 100 (LP 100) field-portable device was used to measure the LAI in 822 samples with different plant functional types (PFTs) of shrubs, bushes, and trees. The LAI was estimated using the SNAPv7.0.4 (Sentinel Application Platform) software for Sentinel-2B data and Google Earth Engine (GEE) system–based EVI for Landsat 8. At the same time, for MODIS and AVHRR, the LAI products of GEE were considered. The results of all satellite-based methods verified the LAI variations in space and time for every PFT. Based on Sentinel-2B, Landsat 8, MODIS, and AVHRR application, the minimum and maximum LAIs were respectively obtained at 0.14–1.78, 0.09–3.74, 0.82–4.69, and 0.35–2.73 for shrubs; 0.17–5.17, 0.3–2.3, 0.59–3.84, and 0.63–3.47 for bushes; and 0.3–4.4, 0.3–4.5, 0.7–4.3, and 0.5–3.3 for trees. These estimated values were lower than the LAI values of LP 100 (i.e., 0.4–4.10 for shrubs, 1.6–7.7 for bushes, and 3.1–6.8 for trees). A significant correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for almost all studied PFTs between LP 100-LAI and estimated LAI from sensors was also observed in Sentinel-2B (|r| > 0.63 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.89), Landsat 8 (|r| > 0.50 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.72), MODIS (|r| > 0.65 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.88), and AVHRR (|r| > 0.59 and R<sup>2</sup> > 0.68). Due to its high spatial resolution and relatively significant correlation with terrestrial data, Sentinel-2B was more suitable for calculating the LAI. The results obtained from this study can be used in future studies on sustainable rangeland management and conservation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5731condition monitoringmultiresolutionspatial analysisspectral datawoody species |
| spellingShingle | Lida Andalibi Ardavan Ghorbani Roshanak Darvishzadeh Mehdi Moameri Zeinab Hazbavi Reza Jafari Farid Dadjou Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran Remote Sensing condition monitoring multiresolution spatial analysis spectral data woody species |
| title | Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran |
| title_full | Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran |
| title_fullStr | Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran |
| title_short | Multisensor Assessment of Leaf Area Index across Ecoregions of Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran |
| title_sort | multisensor assessment of leaf area index across ecoregions of ardabil province northwestern iran |
| topic | condition monitoring multiresolution spatial analysis spectral data woody species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5731 |
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