Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals
The environment animals have to cope with is a combination of natural factors such as temperature. Extreme changes in these factors can alter homeostasis, which can lead to thermal stress. This stress can be due to either high temperatures or low temperatures. Energy transference for thermoregulatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidad de La Salle
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Revista de Medicina Veterinaria |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://revistas.lasalle.edu.co/index.php/mv/article/view/3715 |
| _version_ | 1818846155904122880 |
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| author | Yasser Lenis Sanin Angélica María Zuluaga Cabrera Ariel Marcel Tarazona Morales |
| author_facet | Yasser Lenis Sanin Angélica María Zuluaga Cabrera Ariel Marcel Tarazona Morales |
| author_sort | Yasser Lenis Sanin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The environment animals have to cope with is a combination of natural factors such as temperature. Extreme changes in these factors can alter homeostasis, which can lead to thermal stress. This stress can be due to either high temperatures or low temperatures. Energy transference for thermoregulation in homoeothermic animals occurs through several mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. When animals are subjected to thermal stress, physiological mechanisms are activated which may include endocrine, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. Activation of the neuroendocrine system affects the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters which act collectively as response mechanisms that allow them to adapt to stress. Mechanisms which have developed through evolution to allow animals to adapt to high environmental temperatures and to achieve thermo tolerance include physiological and physical changes in order to reduce food intake and metabolic heat production, to increase surface area of skin to dissipate heat, to increase blood flow to take heat from the body core to the skin and extremities to dissipate the heat, to increase numbers and activity of sweat glands, panting, water intake and color adaptation of integument system to reflect heat. Chronic exposure to thermal stress can cause disease, reduce growth, decrease productive and reproductive performance and, in extreme cases, lead to death. This paper aims to briefly explain the physical and physiological responses of mammals to thermal stress, like a tool for biological environment adaptation, emphasizing knowledge gaps and offering some recommendations to stress control for the animal production system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:41:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de0012edd08b401d99f090b7c376bcd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0122-9354 2389-8526 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:41:04Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Universidad de La Salle |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Revista de Medicina Veterinaria |
| spelling | doaj.art-de0012edd08b401d99f090b7c376bcd62022-12-21T20:34:01ZengUniversidad de La SalleRevista de Medicina Veterinaria0122-93542389-85262015-12-0103112113510.19052/mv.37152930Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in MammalsYasser Lenis Sanin0Angélica María Zuluaga Cabrera1Ariel Marcel Tarazona Morales2Universidad de Antioquia, MedellínUniversidad de Antioquia, MedellínFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, MedellínThe environment animals have to cope with is a combination of natural factors such as temperature. Extreme changes in these factors can alter homeostasis, which can lead to thermal stress. This stress can be due to either high temperatures or low temperatures. Energy transference for thermoregulation in homoeothermic animals occurs through several mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. When animals are subjected to thermal stress, physiological mechanisms are activated which may include endocrine, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. Activation of the neuroendocrine system affects the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters which act collectively as response mechanisms that allow them to adapt to stress. Mechanisms which have developed through evolution to allow animals to adapt to high environmental temperatures and to achieve thermo tolerance include physiological and physical changes in order to reduce food intake and metabolic heat production, to increase surface area of skin to dissipate heat, to increase blood flow to take heat from the body core to the skin and extremities to dissipate the heat, to increase numbers and activity of sweat glands, panting, water intake and color adaptation of integument system to reflect heat. Chronic exposure to thermal stress can cause disease, reduce growth, decrease productive and reproductive performance and, in extreme cases, lead to death. This paper aims to briefly explain the physical and physiological responses of mammals to thermal stress, like a tool for biological environment adaptation, emphasizing knowledge gaps and offering some recommendations to stress control for the animal production system.http://revistas.lasalle.edu.co/index.php/mv/article/view/3715hipertermiahipotermiamamíferoschoque térmico. |
| spellingShingle | Yasser Lenis Sanin Angélica María Zuluaga Cabrera Ariel Marcel Tarazona Morales Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals Revista de Medicina Veterinaria hipertermia hipotermia mamíferos choque térmico. |
| title | Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals |
| title_full | Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals |
| title_fullStr | Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals |
| title_short | Adaptive Responses to Thermal Stress in Mammals |
| title_sort | adaptive responses to thermal stress in mammals |
| topic | hipertermia hipotermia mamíferos choque térmico. |
| url | http://revistas.lasalle.edu.co/index.php/mv/article/view/3715 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yasserlenissanin adaptiveresponsestothermalstressinmammals AT angelicamariazuluagacabrera adaptiveresponsestothermalstressinmammals AT arielmarceltarazonamorales adaptiveresponsestothermalstressinmammals |