Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review

Abstract Background Relationships between adulthood modifiable risk factors and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well-established, but associations with childhood risk factors are unclear. This study systematically assesses the published evidence about childhood modifiable risk factors and adulthood...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Conghui Liu, Ye He, Alison J. Venn, Matthew D. Jose, Jing Tian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023-06-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-023-03232-z
_version_ 1797795811156819968
author Conghui Liu
Ye He
Alison J. Venn
Matthew D. Jose
Jing Tian
author_facet Conghui Liu
Ye He
Alison J. Venn
Matthew D. Jose
Jing Tian
author_sort Conghui Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Relationships between adulthood modifiable risk factors and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well-established, but associations with childhood risk factors are unclear. This study systematically assesses the published evidence about childhood modifiable risk factors and adulthood CKD. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science to 6th May 2022. Articles were included if (1) they were population-based longitudinal studies, (2) exposures were potentially modifiable, for example through pharmacological or lifestyle modifications, including clinical conditions/measures (diabetes, blood pressure, adiposity, and dyslipidaemia); health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fitness, and poor nutrition); and socio-economic factors (socio-economic position), and occurred during childhood (ages 2–19 years), and (3) outcome was CKD or surrogate markers of CKD in adulthood (ages 20 years or older). Three reviewers independently extracted the data. Results 15,232 articles were identified after deduplication; 17 articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting childhood blood pressure (n = 8), adiposity (n = 4), type 2 diabetes (n = 1), socio-economic position (n = 1), famine (n = 1), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 1), and a healthy lifestyle score (n = 1). The results suggested positive associations of childhood adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females with CKD in adulthood. Findings were inconsistent on associations between childhood BP and CKD in adulthood. Childhood healthy lifestyle score and exposure to famine were not associated with risk of CKD in adulthood. Conclusions The limited evidence suggests childhood factors may contribute to the CKD risk in adulthood, particularly adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females. Further high-quality community-based studies are needed with long-term follow-up and investigation of a broader range of modifiable risk factors.
first_indexed 2024-03-13T03:23:39Z
format Article
id doaj.art-de021ae1081a422f928ebff430e589c9
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1471-2369
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-13T03:23:39Z
publishDate 2023-06-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Nephrology
spelling doaj.art-de021ae1081a422f928ebff430e589c92023-06-25T11:11:22ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692023-06-0124111210.1186/s12882-023-03232-zChildhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic reviewConghui Liu0Ye He1Alison J. Venn2Matthew D. Jose3Jing Tian4Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaSchool of Medicine, University of TasmaniaMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaAbstract Background Relationships between adulthood modifiable risk factors and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well-established, but associations with childhood risk factors are unclear. This study systematically assesses the published evidence about childhood modifiable risk factors and adulthood CKD. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science to 6th May 2022. Articles were included if (1) they were population-based longitudinal studies, (2) exposures were potentially modifiable, for example through pharmacological or lifestyle modifications, including clinical conditions/measures (diabetes, blood pressure, adiposity, and dyslipidaemia); health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fitness, and poor nutrition); and socio-economic factors (socio-economic position), and occurred during childhood (ages 2–19 years), and (3) outcome was CKD or surrogate markers of CKD in adulthood (ages 20 years or older). Three reviewers independently extracted the data. Results 15,232 articles were identified after deduplication; 17 articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting childhood blood pressure (n = 8), adiposity (n = 4), type 2 diabetes (n = 1), socio-economic position (n = 1), famine (n = 1), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 1), and a healthy lifestyle score (n = 1). The results suggested positive associations of childhood adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females with CKD in adulthood. Findings were inconsistent on associations between childhood BP and CKD in adulthood. Childhood healthy lifestyle score and exposure to famine were not associated with risk of CKD in adulthood. Conclusions The limited evidence suggests childhood factors may contribute to the CKD risk in adulthood, particularly adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females. Further high-quality community-based studies are needed with long-term follow-up and investigation of a broader range of modifiable risk factors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-023-03232-zChildhoodRisk factorsAdulthoodChronic kidney diseaseCohort studies
spellingShingle Conghui Liu
Ye He
Alison J. Venn
Matthew D. Jose
Jing Tian
Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
BMC Nephrology
Childhood
Risk factors
Adulthood
Chronic kidney disease
Cohort studies
title Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
title_full Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
title_fullStr Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
title_short Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
title_sort childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease a systematic review
topic Childhood
Risk factors
Adulthood
Chronic kidney disease
Cohort studies
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-023-03232-z
work_keys_str_mv AT conghuiliu childhoodmodifiableriskfactorsandlaterlifechronickidneydiseaseasystematicreview
AT yehe childhoodmodifiableriskfactorsandlaterlifechronickidneydiseaseasystematicreview
AT alisonjvenn childhoodmodifiableriskfactorsandlaterlifechronickidneydiseaseasystematicreview
AT matthewdjose childhoodmodifiableriskfactorsandlaterlifechronickidneydiseaseasystematicreview
AT jingtian childhoodmodifiableriskfactorsandlaterlifechronickidneydiseaseasystematicreview