Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues
Driving under the influence of alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of involvement in road traffic collisions (RTCs) however, less is known about the effects of illicit drugs, and a clear correlation between drug concentrations and RTC risk is still debated. The goal of this narrative review...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Forensic Science International: Synergy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X22000092 |
| _version_ | 1828340202658070528 |
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| author | Alberto Blandino Rosy Cotroneo Stefano Tambuzzi Domenico Di Candia Umberto Genovese Riccardo Zoja |
| author_facet | Alberto Blandino Rosy Cotroneo Stefano Tambuzzi Domenico Di Candia Umberto Genovese Riccardo Zoja |
| author_sort | Alberto Blandino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Driving under the influence of alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of involvement in road traffic collisions (RTCs) however, less is known about the effects of illicit drugs, and a clear correlation between drug concentrations and RTC risk is still debated. The goal of this narrative review is to assess the current literature regarding the most detected psychoactive drugs in RTC (ethanol, amphetamines, cannabis, opioids and cocaine), in relation to driving performance. Evidence on impaired driving due to psychoactive substances, forensic issues relating to the assessment of the impact of drugs, blood cut-off values proposed to date as well as scientific basis for proposed legislative limits are discussed. At present there is no unequivocal evidence demonstrating a clear dose/concentration dependent impairment in many substances. Per se and zero tolerance approaches seem to have negative effect on drugged driving fatalities. However, the weight of these approaches needs further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:53:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de07fddfc79043d197c061691370078e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-871X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:53:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forensic Science International: Synergy |
| spelling | doaj.art-de07fddfc79043d197c061691370078e2022-12-22T02:26:06ZengElsevierForensic Science International: Synergy2589-871X2022-01-014100224Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issuesAlberto Blandino0Rosy Cotroneo1Stefano Tambuzzi2Domenico Di Candia3Umberto Genovese4Riccardo Zoja5Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy.; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milan, ItalyDriving under the influence of alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of involvement in road traffic collisions (RTCs) however, less is known about the effects of illicit drugs, and a clear correlation between drug concentrations and RTC risk is still debated. The goal of this narrative review is to assess the current literature regarding the most detected psychoactive drugs in RTC (ethanol, amphetamines, cannabis, opioids and cocaine), in relation to driving performance. Evidence on impaired driving due to psychoactive substances, forensic issues relating to the assessment of the impact of drugs, blood cut-off values proposed to date as well as scientific basis for proposed legislative limits are discussed. At present there is no unequivocal evidence demonstrating a clear dose/concentration dependent impairment in many substances. Per se and zero tolerance approaches seem to have negative effect on drugged driving fatalities. However, the weight of these approaches needs further investigation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X22000092AlcoholCannabisOpioidsCocaineDriving under the influence of drugsDrug legislation |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Blandino Rosy Cotroneo Stefano Tambuzzi Domenico Di Candia Umberto Genovese Riccardo Zoja Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues Forensic Science International: Synergy Alcohol Cannabis Opioids Cocaine Driving under the influence of drugs Drug legislation |
| title | Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues |
| title_full | Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues |
| title_fullStr | Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues |
| title_short | Driving under the influence of drugs: Correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment. A narrative review taking into account forensic issues |
| title_sort | driving under the influence of drugs correlation between blood psychoactive drug concentrations and cognitive impairment a narrative review taking into account forensic issues |
| topic | Alcohol Cannabis Opioids Cocaine Driving under the influence of drugs Drug legislation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X22000092 |
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