ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers?
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 7 observations of a remarkably bright galaxy candidate at ${z}_{\mathrm{phot}}={16.7}_{-0.3}^{+1.9}$ ( M _UV = −21.6), S5-z17-1, identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observation data of Stephen’s Quintet. We...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aceb67 |
| _version_ | 1797403254928179200 |
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| author | Seiji Fujimoto Steven L. Finkelstein Denis Burgarella Chris L. Carilli Véronique Buat Caitlin M. Casey Laure Ciesla Sandro Tacchella Jorge A. Zavala Gabriel Brammer Yoshinobu Fudamoto Masami Ouchi Francesco Valentino M. C. Cooper Mark Dickinson Maximilien Franco Mauro Giavalisco Taylor A. Hutchison Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe Anton M. Koekemoer Takashi Kojima Rebecca L. Larson E. J. Murphy Casey Papovich Pablo G. Pérez-González Rachel S. Somerville Ilsang Yoon Stephen M. Wilkins Hollis Akins Ricardo O. Amorín Pablo Arrabal Haro Micaela B. Bagley Katherine Chworowsky Nikko J. Cleri Olivia R. Cooper Luca Costantin Emanuele Daddi Henry C. Ferguson Norman A. Grogin E. F. Jiménez-Andrade Stéphanie Juneau Allison Kirkpatrick Dale D. Kocevski Aurélien Le Bail Arianna Long Ray A. Lucas Benjamin Magnelli Jed McKinney Caitlin Rose Lise-Marie Seillé Raymond C. Simons Benjamin J. Weiner L. Y. Aaron Yung |
| author_facet | Seiji Fujimoto Steven L. Finkelstein Denis Burgarella Chris L. Carilli Véronique Buat Caitlin M. Casey Laure Ciesla Sandro Tacchella Jorge A. Zavala Gabriel Brammer Yoshinobu Fudamoto Masami Ouchi Francesco Valentino M. C. Cooper Mark Dickinson Maximilien Franco Mauro Giavalisco Taylor A. Hutchison Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe Anton M. Koekemoer Takashi Kojima Rebecca L. Larson E. J. Murphy Casey Papovich Pablo G. Pérez-González Rachel S. Somerville Ilsang Yoon Stephen M. Wilkins Hollis Akins Ricardo O. Amorín Pablo Arrabal Haro Micaela B. Bagley Katherine Chworowsky Nikko J. Cleri Olivia R. Cooper Luca Costantin Emanuele Daddi Henry C. Ferguson Norman A. Grogin E. F. Jiménez-Andrade Stéphanie Juneau Allison Kirkpatrick Dale D. Kocevski Aurélien Le Bail Arianna Long Ray A. Lucas Benjamin Magnelli Jed McKinney Caitlin Rose Lise-Marie Seillé Raymond C. Simons Benjamin J. Weiner L. Y. Aaron Yung |
| author_sort | Seiji Fujimoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 7 observations of a remarkably bright galaxy candidate at ${z}_{\mathrm{phot}}={16.7}_{-0.3}^{+1.9}$ ( M _UV = −21.6), S5-z17-1, identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observation data of Stephen’s Quintet. We do not detect the dust continuum at 866 μ m, ruling out the possibility that S5-z17-1 is a low- z dusty starburst with a star formation rate of ≳30 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . We detect a 5.1 σ line feature at 338.726 ± 0.007 GHz exactly coinciding with the JWST source position, with a 2% likelihood of the signal being spurious. The most likely line identification would be [O iii ]52 μ m at z = 16.01 or [C ii ]158 μ m at z = 4.61, whose line luminosities do not violate the nondetection of the dust continuum in both cases. Together with three other z ≳ 11–13 candidate galaxies recently observed with ALMA, we conduct a joint ALMA and JWST spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis and find that the high- z solution at z ∼ 11–17 is favored in every candidate as a very blue (UV continuum slope of ≃−2.3) and luminous ( M _UV ≃ [ − 24:−21]) system. Still, we find in several candidates that reasonable SED fits (Δ χ ^2 ≲ 4) are reproduced by type II quasar and/or quiescent galaxy templates with strong emission lines at z ∼ 3–5, where such populations predicted from their luminosity functions and EW([O iii ]+H β ) distributions are abundant in survey volumes used for the identification of the z ∼ 11–17 candidates. While these recent ALMA observation results have strengthened the likelihood of the high- z solutions, lower- z possibilities are not completely ruled out in several of the z ∼ 11–17 candidates, indicating the need to consider the relative surface densities of the lower- z contaminants in the ultra-high- z galaxy search. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:35:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de11b50649b646829c0d066c03bfcf6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:35:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-de11b50649b646829c0d066c03bfcf6c2023-12-06T09:44:06ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01955213010.3847/1538-4357/aceb67ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers?Seiji Fujimoto0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-5066Steven L. Finkelstein1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-1130Denis Burgarella2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-2539Chris L. Carilli3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-3861Véronique Buat4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-903XCaitlin M. Casey5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6466Laure Ciesla6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-2891Sandro Tacchella7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-4505Jorge A. Zavala8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-1100Gabriel Brammer9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-005XYoshinobu Fudamoto10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-8832Masami Ouchi11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-6658Francesco Valentino12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-4011M. C. Cooper13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-6019Mark Dickinson14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-5131Maximilien Franco15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8599Mauro Giavalisco16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-8751Taylor A. Hutchison17https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-4988Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3605Anton M. Koekemoer19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048Takashi Kojima20https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-1886Rebecca L. Larson21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-8858E. J. Murphy22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-7325Casey Papovich23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-8482Pablo G. Pérez-González24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4528-5639Rachel S. Somerville25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-6821Ilsang Yoon26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-0064Stephen M. Wilkins27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-6935Hollis Akins28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-8794Ricardo O. Amorín29https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5758-1000Pablo Arrabal Haro30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-8783Micaela B. Bagley31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-9218Katherine Chworowsky32https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-0613Nikko J. Cleri33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-009XOlivia R. Cooper34https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-1397Luca Costantin35https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-0015Emanuele Daddi36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-9590Henry C. Ferguson37https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-2738Norman A. Grogin38https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-8872E. F. Jiménez-Andrade39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-5917Stéphanie Juneau40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-2394Allison Kirkpatrick41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-8110Dale D. Kocevski42https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3880Aurélien Le Bail43https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-2763Arianna Long44https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-8857Ray A. Lucas45https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-7825Benjamin Magnelli46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-6490Jed McKinney47https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-8178Caitlin Rose48https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-3219Lise-Marie Seillé49https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-4755Raymond C. Simons50https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-7299Benjamin J. Weiner51https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-7483L. Y. Aaron Yung52https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-035XDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.edu; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Lyngbyvej 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, FranceNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USAAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, FranceDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, FranceKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Lyngbyvej 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkWaseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, JapanCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Lyngbyvej 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748, Garching, GermanyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USALaboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242, USACentro de Astrobiología (CAB/CSIC-INTA) , Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, SpainCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAAstronomy Centre, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK; Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta , Msida MSD 2080, MaltaDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduInstituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena , Raul Bitrán 1305, La Serena 2204000, Chile; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena , Av. Juan Cisternas 1200 Norte, La Serena 1720236, ChileNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduCentro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) , Ctra de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, SpainUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceSpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAInstituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , UNAM Campus Morelia, Apartado postal 3-72, 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, MéxicoNSF’s NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College , Waterville, ME 04901, USAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA ; fujimoto@utexas.eduLaboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USAAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, FranceSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAMMT/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAWe present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 7 observations of a remarkably bright galaxy candidate at ${z}_{\mathrm{phot}}={16.7}_{-0.3}^{+1.9}$ ( M _UV = −21.6), S5-z17-1, identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observation data of Stephen’s Quintet. We do not detect the dust continuum at 866 μ m, ruling out the possibility that S5-z17-1 is a low- z dusty starburst with a star formation rate of ≳30 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . We detect a 5.1 σ line feature at 338.726 ± 0.007 GHz exactly coinciding with the JWST source position, with a 2% likelihood of the signal being spurious. The most likely line identification would be [O iii ]52 μ m at z = 16.01 or [C ii ]158 μ m at z = 4.61, whose line luminosities do not violate the nondetection of the dust continuum in both cases. Together with three other z ≳ 11–13 candidate galaxies recently observed with ALMA, we conduct a joint ALMA and JWST spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis and find that the high- z solution at z ∼ 11–17 is favored in every candidate as a very blue (UV continuum slope of ≃−2.3) and luminous ( M _UV ≃ [ − 24:−21]) system. Still, we find in several candidates that reasonable SED fits (Δ χ ^2 ≲ 4) are reproduced by type II quasar and/or quiescent galaxy templates with strong emission lines at z ∼ 3–5, where such populations predicted from their luminosity functions and EW([O iii ]+H β ) distributions are abundant in survey volumes used for the identification of the z ∼ 11–17 candidates. While these recent ALMA observation results have strengthened the likelihood of the high- z solutions, lower- z possibilities are not completely ruled out in several of the z ∼ 11–17 candidates, indicating the need to consider the relative surface densities of the lower- z contaminants in the ultra-high- z galaxy search.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aceb67High-redshift galaxiesGalaxy formationGalaxy evolution |
| spellingShingle | Seiji Fujimoto Steven L. Finkelstein Denis Burgarella Chris L. Carilli Véronique Buat Caitlin M. Casey Laure Ciesla Sandro Tacchella Jorge A. Zavala Gabriel Brammer Yoshinobu Fudamoto Masami Ouchi Francesco Valentino M. C. Cooper Mark Dickinson Maximilien Franco Mauro Giavalisco Taylor A. Hutchison Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe Anton M. Koekemoer Takashi Kojima Rebecca L. Larson E. J. Murphy Casey Papovich Pablo G. Pérez-González Rachel S. Somerville Ilsang Yoon Stephen M. Wilkins Hollis Akins Ricardo O. Amorín Pablo Arrabal Haro Micaela B. Bagley Katherine Chworowsky Nikko J. Cleri Olivia R. Cooper Luca Costantin Emanuele Daddi Henry C. Ferguson Norman A. Grogin E. F. Jiménez-Andrade Stéphanie Juneau Allison Kirkpatrick Dale D. Kocevski Aurélien Le Bail Arianna Long Ray A. Lucas Benjamin Magnelli Jed McKinney Caitlin Rose Lise-Marie Seillé Raymond C. Simons Benjamin J. Weiner L. Y. Aaron Yung ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers? The Astrophysical Journal High-redshift galaxies Galaxy formation Galaxy evolution |
| title | ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers? |
| title_full | ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers? |
| title_fullStr | ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers? |
| title_full_unstemmed | ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers? |
| title_short | ALMA FIR View of Ultra-high-redshift Galaxy Candidates at z ∼ 11–17: Blue Monsters or Low-z Red Interlopers? |
| title_sort | alma fir view of ultra high redshift galaxy candidates at z ∼ 11 17 blue monsters or low z red interlopers |
| topic | High-redshift galaxies Galaxy formation Galaxy evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aceb67 |
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