Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films
The empty fruit bunch (EFB) regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films for packaging application were prepared using ionic liquid. The effects of EFB content and methyl methacrylate (MMA) treatment of the EFB on the mechanical and thermal properties of the RC biocomposite were studied. The tensil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2618 |
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| author | Salmah Husseinsyah Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin Azlin Fazlina Osman Chew Li Li Awad A. Alrashdi Abdulkader Alakrach |
| author_facet | Salmah Husseinsyah Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin Azlin Fazlina Osman Chew Li Li Awad A. Alrashdi Abdulkader Alakrach |
| author_sort | Salmah Husseinsyah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The empty fruit bunch (EFB) regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films for packaging application were prepared using ionic liquid. The effects of EFB content and methyl methacrylate (MMA) treatment of the EFB on the mechanical and thermal properties of the RC biocomposite were studied. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the MMA treated RC biocomposite film achieved a maximum value when 2 wt% EFB was used for the regeneration process. The treated EFB RC biocomposite films also possess higher crystallinity index. The morphology analysis indicated that the RC biocomposite film containing MMA treated EFB exhibits a smoother and more homogeneous surface compared to the one containing the untreated EFB. The substitution of the –OH group of the EFB cellulose with the ester group of the MMA resulted in greater dissolution of the EFB in the ionic liquid solvent, thus improving the interphase bonding between the filler and matrix phase of the EF RC biocomposite. Due to this factor, thermal stability of the EFB RC biocomposite also successfully improved. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:03:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de1742a8a1844b5cbee2a6b0498e70f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:03:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-de1742a8a1844b5cbee2a6b0498e70f32023-11-20T20:01:42ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-11-011211261810.3390/polym12112618Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite FilmsSalmah Husseinsyah0Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin1Azlin Fazlina Osman2Chew Li Li3Awad A. Alrashdi4Abdulkader Alakrach5Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaChemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-qunfudah University College, Al-qunfudah Center for Scientific Research (QCSR), Al Qunfudah 21962, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qasyoun Private University, Damascus 20872, SyriaThe empty fruit bunch (EFB) regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films for packaging application were prepared using ionic liquid. The effects of EFB content and methyl methacrylate (MMA) treatment of the EFB on the mechanical and thermal properties of the RC biocomposite were studied. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the MMA treated RC biocomposite film achieved a maximum value when 2 wt% EFB was used for the regeneration process. The treated EFB RC biocomposite films also possess higher crystallinity index. The morphology analysis indicated that the RC biocomposite film containing MMA treated EFB exhibits a smoother and more homogeneous surface compared to the one containing the untreated EFB. The substitution of the –OH group of the EFB cellulose with the ester group of the MMA resulted in greater dissolution of the EFB in the ionic liquid solvent, thus improving the interphase bonding between the filler and matrix phase of the EF RC biocomposite. Due to this factor, thermal stability of the EFB RC biocomposite also successfully improved.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2618empty fruit bunchregenerated celluloseionic liquidmethyl methacrylate |
| spellingShingle | Salmah Husseinsyah Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin Azlin Fazlina Osman Chew Li Li Awad A. Alrashdi Abdulkader Alakrach Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films Polymers empty fruit bunch regenerated cellulose ionic liquid methyl methacrylate |
| title | Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films |
| title_full | Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films |
| title_fullStr | Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films |
| title_short | Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to Improve the Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films |
| title_sort | methyl methacrylate mma treatment of empty fruit bunch efb to improve the properties of regenerated cellulose biocomposite films |
| topic | empty fruit bunch regenerated cellulose ionic liquid methyl methacrylate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2618 |
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