Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
The mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated efficacy and immunogenicity in the real-world setting. However, most of the research on vaccine immunogenicity has been centered on characterizing the antibody response, with limited exploration into the persistence of spike-specific memory B cells....
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/13/1706 |
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| author | Annalisa Ciabattini Gabiria Pastore Simone Lucchesi Giorgio Montesi Simone Costagli Jacopo Polvere Fabio Fiorino Elena Pettini Arianna Lippi Leonardo Ancillotti Mario Tumbarello Massimiliano Fabbiani Francesca Montagnani Donata Medaglini |
| author_facet | Annalisa Ciabattini Gabiria Pastore Simone Lucchesi Giorgio Montesi Simone Costagli Jacopo Polvere Fabio Fiorino Elena Pettini Arianna Lippi Leonardo Ancillotti Mario Tumbarello Massimiliano Fabbiani Francesca Montagnani Donata Medaglini |
| author_sort | Annalisa Ciabattini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated efficacy and immunogenicity in the real-world setting. However, most of the research on vaccine immunogenicity has been centered on characterizing the antibody response, with limited exploration into the persistence of spike-specific memory B cells. Here we monitored the durability of the memory B cell response up to 9 months post-vaccination, and characterized the trajectory of spike-specific B cell phenotypes in healthy individuals who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. To profile the spike-specific B cell response, we applied the tSNE and Cytotree automated approaches. Spike-specific IgA<sup>+</sup> and IgG<sup>+</sup> plasmablasts and IgA<sup>+</sup> activated cells were observed 7 days after the second dose and disappeared 3 months later, while subsets of spike-specific IgG<sup>+</sup> resting memory B cells became predominant 9 months after vaccination, and they were capable of differentiating into spike-specific IgG secreting cells when restimulated in vitro. Other subsets of spike-specific B cells, such as IgM<sup>+</sup> or unswitched IgM<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>+</sup> or IgG<sup>+</sup> double negative/atypical cells, were also elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine and persisted up to month 9. The analysis of circulating spike-specific IgG, IgA, and IgM was in line with the plasmablasts observed. The longitudinal analysis of the antigen-specific B cell response elicited by mRNA-based vaccines provides valuable insights into our understanding of the immunogenicity of this novel vaccine platform destined for future widespread use, and it can help in guiding future decisions and vaccination schedules. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:45:33Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:45:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-de2264b564e24b538d4203fd2b5201652023-11-18T16:18:53ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-06-011213170610.3390/cells12131706Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA VaccineAnnalisa Ciabattini0Gabiria Pastore1Simone Lucchesi2Giorgio Montesi3Simone Costagli4Jacopo Polvere5Fabio Fiorino6Elena Pettini7Arianna Lippi8Leonardo Ancillotti9Mario Tumbarello10Massimiliano Fabbiani11Francesca Montagnani12Donata Medaglini13Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyInfectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyInfectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyInfectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyInfectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyInfectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyThe mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated efficacy and immunogenicity in the real-world setting. However, most of the research on vaccine immunogenicity has been centered on characterizing the antibody response, with limited exploration into the persistence of spike-specific memory B cells. Here we monitored the durability of the memory B cell response up to 9 months post-vaccination, and characterized the trajectory of spike-specific B cell phenotypes in healthy individuals who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. To profile the spike-specific B cell response, we applied the tSNE and Cytotree automated approaches. Spike-specific IgA<sup>+</sup> and IgG<sup>+</sup> plasmablasts and IgA<sup>+</sup> activated cells were observed 7 days after the second dose and disappeared 3 months later, while subsets of spike-specific IgG<sup>+</sup> resting memory B cells became predominant 9 months after vaccination, and they were capable of differentiating into spike-specific IgG secreting cells when restimulated in vitro. Other subsets of spike-specific B cells, such as IgM<sup>+</sup> or unswitched IgM<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>+</sup> or IgG<sup>+</sup> double negative/atypical cells, were also elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine and persisted up to month 9. The analysis of circulating spike-specific IgG, IgA, and IgM was in line with the plasmablasts observed. The longitudinal analysis of the antigen-specific B cell response elicited by mRNA-based vaccines provides valuable insights into our understanding of the immunogenicity of this novel vaccine platform destined for future widespread use, and it can help in guiding future decisions and vaccination schedules.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/13/1706B cell responsemRNA vaccinationcomputational analysisSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Annalisa Ciabattini Gabiria Pastore Simone Lucchesi Giorgio Montesi Simone Costagli Jacopo Polvere Fabio Fiorino Elena Pettini Arianna Lippi Leonardo Ancillotti Mario Tumbarello Massimiliano Fabbiani Francesca Montagnani Donata Medaglini Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Cells B cell response mRNA vaccination computational analysis SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 |
| title | Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine |
| title_full | Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine |
| title_fullStr | Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine |
| title_short | Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine |
| title_sort | trajectory of spike specific b cells elicited by two doses of bnt162b2 mrna vaccine |
| topic | B cell response mRNA vaccination computational analysis SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/13/1706 |
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