Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) have gained popularity, due to their absorption properties in the near UV range (200–400 nm). They are used in the technology for manufacturing plastics, protective coatings, and cosmetics, to protect against the destructive influence of UV radiation. These compou...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3349 |
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| author | Dariusz Kiejza Joanna Karpińska Urszula Kotowska |
| author_facet | Dariusz Kiejza Joanna Karpińska Urszula Kotowska |
| author_sort | Dariusz Kiejza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) have gained popularity, due to their absorption properties in the near UV range (200–400 nm). They are used in the technology for manufacturing plastics, protective coatings, and cosmetics, to protect against the destructive influence of UV radiation. These compounds are highly resistant to biological and chemical degradation. As a result of insufficient treatment by sewage treatment plants, they accumulate in the environment and in the tissues of living organisms. BUVs have adverse effects on living organisms. This work presents the use of peracetic acid in combination with d-electron metal ions (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>), for the chemical oxidation of five UV filters from the benzotriazole group: 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P), 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-326), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol (UV-327), 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV-328), and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol (UV-329). The oxidation procedure has been optimized based on the design of experiments (DoE) methodology. The oxidation of benzotriazoles follows first order kinetics. The oxidation products of each benzotriazole were investigated, and the oxidation mechanisms of the tested compounds were proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de27b7da5b404378a29f0d17eb556396 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-de27b7da5b404378a29f0d17eb5563962023-11-23T12:25:03ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-05-012710334910.3390/molecules27103349Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism EvaluationDariusz Kiejza0Joanna Karpińska1Urszula Kotowska2Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K St., 15-245 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K St., 15-245 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K St., 15-245 Białystok, PolandBenzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) have gained popularity, due to their absorption properties in the near UV range (200–400 nm). They are used in the technology for manufacturing plastics, protective coatings, and cosmetics, to protect against the destructive influence of UV radiation. These compounds are highly resistant to biological and chemical degradation. As a result of insufficient treatment by sewage treatment plants, they accumulate in the environment and in the tissues of living organisms. BUVs have adverse effects on living organisms. This work presents the use of peracetic acid in combination with d-electron metal ions (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>), for the chemical oxidation of five UV filters from the benzotriazole group: 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P), 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-326), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol (UV-327), 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV-328), and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol (UV-329). The oxidation procedure has been optimized based on the design of experiments (DoE) methodology. The oxidation of benzotriazoles follows first order kinetics. The oxidation products of each benzotriazole were investigated, and the oxidation mechanisms of the tested compounds were proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3349benzotriazole UV stabilizersperacetic acidadvanced oxidation processesiron ionscobalt ions |
| spellingShingle | Dariusz Kiejza Joanna Karpińska Urszula Kotowska Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation Molecules benzotriazole UV stabilizers peracetic acid advanced oxidation processes iron ions cobalt ions |
| title | Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation |
| title_full | Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation |
| title_short | Degradation of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in PAA/d-Electron Metal Ions Systems—Removal Kinetics, Products and Mechanism Evaluation |
| title_sort | degradation of benzotriazole uv stabilizers in paa d electron metal ions systems removal kinetics products and mechanism evaluation |
| topic | benzotriazole UV stabilizers peracetic acid advanced oxidation processes iron ions cobalt ions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3349 |
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