Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii
Abstract Background Statins are considered as standard drugs to control cholesterol levels, but their use is also associated with renal hypertrophy, hemorrhagic stroke, hepatomegaly, and myopathy. Murraya koenigii is an herb that is used in traditional cuisine and as a medicine in South Asia. Here w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-03012-4 |
| _version_ | 1819001703428521984 |
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| author | Gul Ambreen Afshan Siddiq Kashif Hussain Abdul Saboor Hussain Zara Naz |
| author_facet | Gul Ambreen Afshan Siddiq Kashif Hussain Abdul Saboor Hussain Zara Naz |
| author_sort | Gul Ambreen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Statins are considered as standard drugs to control cholesterol levels, but their use is also associated with renal hypertrophy, hemorrhagic stroke, hepatomegaly, and myopathy. Murraya koenigii is an herb that is used in traditional cuisine and as a medicine in South Asia. Here we assessed the antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of this spice in repeated heated mix vegetable oils (RHMVO)-induced atherosclerotic models. Methods Aqueous extract of M. koenigii leaves (Mk LE) was prepared and its phytoconstituents were determined. Rabbits were divided into 5 groups (n = 10). Except for the control group, all the other four groups were treated with RHMVO for 16 weeks (dose = 2 ml/kg/day) to induce dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. These groups were further treated for 10 weeks either with 300 and 500 mg/kg/day Mk LE, lovastatin, RHMVO, or left untreated. Body and organ weights were measured along with oxidative stress and tissue damage parameters. Lipid profile and hepatic function markers were studied. Atheroma measurement and histopathological examination were also performed in control and treated groups. Results Mk LE significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated RHMVO-induced dyslipidemia and atheroma formation. Furthermore, fat accumulation and lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissues were reduced by Mk LE in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicated that the antidyslipidemic effects of Mk LE in 500 mg/kg/day dose were comparable to lovastatin. Additionally, oxidative stress markers were reduced much more significantly in Mk LE-500 than in the statin group (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study recommends Mk LE as a potent antioxidant and lipid-lowering natural medicine that can attenuate the RHMVO-induced atherosclerotic in optimal doses and duration. Therefore, Mk LE can be accessible, cheap, and free of adverse effects alternate to statins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:53:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de2e38c339a14aeb927f59fd0fc2d87f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-7671 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:53:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| spelling | doaj.art-de2e38c339a14aeb927f59fd0fc2d87f2022-12-21T19:24:11ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712020-07-0120111210.1186/s12906-020-03012-4Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigiiGul Ambreen0Afshan Siddiq1Kashif Hussain2Abdul Saboor Hussain3Zara Naz4Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KarachiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KarachiDepartment of Pharmacy, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road (Main Pharmacy)Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KarachiInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peoples University of Medical and Health SciencesAbstract Background Statins are considered as standard drugs to control cholesterol levels, but their use is also associated with renal hypertrophy, hemorrhagic stroke, hepatomegaly, and myopathy. Murraya koenigii is an herb that is used in traditional cuisine and as a medicine in South Asia. Here we assessed the antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of this spice in repeated heated mix vegetable oils (RHMVO)-induced atherosclerotic models. Methods Aqueous extract of M. koenigii leaves (Mk LE) was prepared and its phytoconstituents were determined. Rabbits were divided into 5 groups (n = 10). Except for the control group, all the other four groups were treated with RHMVO for 16 weeks (dose = 2 ml/kg/day) to induce dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. These groups were further treated for 10 weeks either with 300 and 500 mg/kg/day Mk LE, lovastatin, RHMVO, or left untreated. Body and organ weights were measured along with oxidative stress and tissue damage parameters. Lipid profile and hepatic function markers were studied. Atheroma measurement and histopathological examination were also performed in control and treated groups. Results Mk LE significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated RHMVO-induced dyslipidemia and atheroma formation. Furthermore, fat accumulation and lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissues were reduced by Mk LE in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicated that the antidyslipidemic effects of Mk LE in 500 mg/kg/day dose were comparable to lovastatin. Additionally, oxidative stress markers were reduced much more significantly in Mk LE-500 than in the statin group (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study recommends Mk LE as a potent antioxidant and lipid-lowering natural medicine that can attenuate the RHMVO-induced atherosclerotic in optimal doses and duration. Therefore, Mk LE can be accessible, cheap, and free of adverse effects alternate to statins.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-03012-4Murraya koenigiiRepeated heatedVegetable oilsOxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Gul Ambreen Afshan Siddiq Kashif Hussain Abdul Saboor Hussain Zara Naz Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Murraya koenigii Repeated heated Vegetable oils Oxidative stress |
| title | Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii |
| title_full | Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii |
| title_fullStr | Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii |
| title_full_unstemmed | Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii |
| title_short | Repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils-induced atherosclerosis and effects of Murraya koenigii |
| title_sort | repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils induced atherosclerosis and effects of murraya koenigii |
| topic | Murraya koenigii Repeated heated Vegetable oils Oxidative stress |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-03012-4 |
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