Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field
We search for quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) in a wide area of the south ecliptic pole (SEP) field, which has been and will continue to be intensively explored through various space missions. For this purpose, we obtain deep broadband optical images of the SEP field covering an area of ∼14.5 × 14.5 de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acebe4 |
| _version_ | 1797664103436648448 |
|---|---|
| author | Woowon Byun Minjin Kim Yun-Kyeong Sheen Dongseob Lee Luis C. Ho Jongwan Ko Kwang-Il Seon Hyunjin Shim Dohyeong Kim Yongjung Kim Joon Hyeop Lee Hyunjin Jeong Jong-Hak Woo Woong-Seob Jeong Byeong-Gon Park Sang Chul Kim Yongseok Lee Sang-Mok Cha Hyunmi Song Donghoon Son Yujin Yang |
| author_facet | Woowon Byun Minjin Kim Yun-Kyeong Sheen Dongseob Lee Luis C. Ho Jongwan Ko Kwang-Il Seon Hyunjin Shim Dohyeong Kim Yongjung Kim Joon Hyeop Lee Hyunjin Jeong Jong-Hak Woo Woong-Seob Jeong Byeong-Gon Park Sang Chul Kim Yongseok Lee Sang-Mok Cha Hyunmi Song Donghoon Son Yujin Yang |
| author_sort | Woowon Byun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We search for quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) in a wide area of the south ecliptic pole (SEP) field, which has been and will continue to be intensively explored through various space missions. For this purpose, we obtain deep broadband optical images of the SEP field covering an area of ∼14.5 × 14.5 deg ^2 with the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet). The 5 σ detection limits for point sources in the BVRI bands are estimated to be ∼22.59, 22.60, 22.98, and 21.85 mag, respectively. Utilizing data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, unobscured QSO candidates are selected among the optically pointlike sources using mid-infrared (MIR) and optical–MIR colors. To refine our selection further and eliminate any contamination not adequately removed by the color-based selection, we perform spectral energy distribution fitting with archival photometric data ranging from optical to MIR. As a result, we identify a total of 2383 unobscured QSO candidates in the SEP field. We also apply a similar method to the north ecliptic pole field using Pan-STARRS data and obtain a similar result of identifying 2427 candidates. The differential number count per area of our QSO candidates is in good agreement with those measured from spectroscopically confirmed ones in other fields. Finally, we compare the results with the literature and discuss how this work will impact future studies, especially upcoming space missions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:24:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de42569e2f334ce09eb7470eaa2a0e05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0067-0049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:24:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| spelling | doaj.art-de42569e2f334ce09eb7470eaa2a0e052023-10-06T14:33:51ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492023-01-0126825710.3847/1538-4365/acebe4Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North FieldWoowon Byun0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-7712Minjin Kim1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-0781Yun-Kyeong Sheen2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3211-9431Dongseob Lee3Luis C. Ho4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846Jongwan Ko5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9434-5936Kwang-Il Seon6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-8134Hyunjin Shim7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-2628Dohyeong Kim8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4821Yongjung Kim9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-3286Joon Hyeop Lee10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-0925Hyunjin Jeong11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-9556Jong-Hak Woo12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-5465Woong-Seob Jeong13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2770-808XByeong-Gon Park14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-7722Sang Chul Kim15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-1546Yongseok Lee16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-8072Sang-Mok Cha17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-2950Hyunmi Song18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4362-4070Donghoon Son19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-3230Yujin Yang20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-2763Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.comDepartment of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea ; mkim@knu.ac.krKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.comDepartment of Earth Science Education, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Earth Science Education, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea ; mkim@knu.ac.krKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.comKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.comDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.comKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University , Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University , Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; wbyun87@gmail.com; University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaWe search for quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) in a wide area of the south ecliptic pole (SEP) field, which has been and will continue to be intensively explored through various space missions. For this purpose, we obtain deep broadband optical images of the SEP field covering an area of ∼14.5 × 14.5 deg ^2 with the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet). The 5 σ detection limits for point sources in the BVRI bands are estimated to be ∼22.59, 22.60, 22.98, and 21.85 mag, respectively. Utilizing data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, unobscured QSO candidates are selected among the optically pointlike sources using mid-infrared (MIR) and optical–MIR colors. To refine our selection further and eliminate any contamination not adequately removed by the color-based selection, we perform spectral energy distribution fitting with archival photometric data ranging from optical to MIR. As a result, we identify a total of 2383 unobscured QSO candidates in the SEP field. We also apply a similar method to the north ecliptic pole field using Pan-STARRS data and obtain a similar result of identifying 2427 candidates. The differential number count per area of our QSO candidates is in good agreement with those measured from spectroscopically confirmed ones in other fields. Finally, we compare the results with the literature and discuss how this work will impact future studies, especially upcoming space missions.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acebe4QuasarsPhotometryCatalogsGalaxies |
| spellingShingle | Woowon Byun Minjin Kim Yun-Kyeong Sheen Dongseob Lee Luis C. Ho Jongwan Ko Kwang-Il Seon Hyunjin Shim Dohyeong Kim Yongjung Kim Joon Hyeop Lee Hyunjin Jeong Jong-Hak Woo Woong-Seob Jeong Byeong-Gon Park Sang Chul Kim Yongseok Lee Sang-Mok Cha Hyunmi Song Donghoon Son Yujin Yang Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Quasars Photometry Catalogs Galaxies |
| title | Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field |
| title_full | Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field |
| title_fullStr | Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field |
| title_short | Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs at the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field |
| title_sort | photometric selection of unobscured qsos at the ecliptic poles kmtnet in the south field and pan starrs in the north field |
| topic | Quasars Photometry Catalogs Galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acebe4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT woowonbyun photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT minjinkim photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT yunkyeongsheen photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT dongseoblee photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT luischo photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT jongwanko photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT kwangilseon photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT hyunjinshim photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT dohyeongkim photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT yongjungkim photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT joonhyeoplee photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT hyunjinjeong photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT jonghakwoo photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT woongseobjeong photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT byeonggonpark photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT sangchulkim photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT yongseoklee photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT sangmokcha photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT hyunmisong photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT donghoonson photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield AT yujinyang photometricselectionofunobscuredqsosattheeclipticpoleskmtnetinthesouthfieldandpanstarrsinthenorthfield |