Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Pyrethroid-treated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction in malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the future of LLINs, especially when nets become holed and pyrethroid dec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/2/108 |
| _version_ | 1797297971442745344 |
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| author | Jackline Martin Eliud Lukole Louisa A. Messenger Tatu Aziz Elizabeth Mallya Edmond Bernard Nancy S. Matowo Jacklin F. Mosha Mark Rowland Franklin W. Mosha Alphaxard Manjurano Natacha Protopopoff |
| author_facet | Jackline Martin Eliud Lukole Louisa A. Messenger Tatu Aziz Elizabeth Mallya Edmond Bernard Nancy S. Matowo Jacklin F. Mosha Mark Rowland Franklin W. Mosha Alphaxard Manjurano Natacha Protopopoff |
| author_sort | Jackline Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pyrethroid-treated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction in malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the future of LLINs, especially when nets become holed and pyrethroid decays. In this study, three new classes of dual-active ingredient (AI) LLINs were evaluated for their physical durability: (1) Royal Guard, combining pyriproxyfen, which disrupts female fertility, and a pyrethroid, alpha-cypermethrin; (2) Interceptor G2, which combines the pyrrole chlorfenapyr and a pyrethroid (alpha-cypermethrin); (3) Olyset Plus, which incorporates the pyrethroid permethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide, to enhance the pyrethroid potency; and Interceptor, a reference net that contains alpha-cypermethrin as the sole active ingredient. About 40,000 nets of each type were distributed in February 2019 to different villages in Misungwi. A total of 3072 LLINs were followed up every 6–12 months up to 36 months to assess survivorship and fabric integrity. The median functional survival was less than three years with Interceptor, Interceptor G2, and Royal Guard showing 1.9 years each and Olyset Plus showing 0.9 years. After 36 months, 90% of Olyset Plus and Royal Guard and 87% of Interceptor G2 were no longer in use (discarded) due to wear and tear, compared to 79% for Interceptor. All dual-AI LLINs exhibited poor textile durability, with Olyset Plus being the worst. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:28:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de492a76ae224b7c8b29a3f424305492 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:28:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-de492a76ae224b7c8b29a3f4243054922024-02-23T15:21:31ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-02-0115210810.3390/insects15020108Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled TrialJackline Martin0Eliud Lukole1Louisa A. Messenger2Tatu Aziz3Elizabeth Mallya4Edmond Bernard5Nancy S. Matowo6Jacklin F. Mosha7Mark Rowland8Franklin W. Mosha9Alphaxard Manjurano10Natacha Protopopoff11Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi P.O. Box 2240, TanzaniaDepartment of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, TanzaniaDepartment of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKDepartment of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi P.O. Box 2240, TanzaniaDepartment of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi P.O. Box 2240, TanzaniaDepartment of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, TanzaniaDepartment of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKDepartment of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, TanzaniaDepartment of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKDepartment of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi P.O. Box 2240, TanzaniaDepartment of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, TanzaniaDepartment of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKPyrethroid-treated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction in malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the future of LLINs, especially when nets become holed and pyrethroid decays. In this study, three new classes of dual-active ingredient (AI) LLINs were evaluated for their physical durability: (1) Royal Guard, combining pyriproxyfen, which disrupts female fertility, and a pyrethroid, alpha-cypermethrin; (2) Interceptor G2, which combines the pyrrole chlorfenapyr and a pyrethroid (alpha-cypermethrin); (3) Olyset Plus, which incorporates the pyrethroid permethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide, to enhance the pyrethroid potency; and Interceptor, a reference net that contains alpha-cypermethrin as the sole active ingredient. About 40,000 nets of each type were distributed in February 2019 to different villages in Misungwi. A total of 3072 LLINs were followed up every 6–12 months up to 36 months to assess survivorship and fabric integrity. The median functional survival was less than three years with Interceptor, Interceptor G2, and Royal Guard showing 1.9 years each and Olyset Plus showing 0.9 years. After 36 months, 90% of Olyset Plus and Royal Guard and 87% of Interceptor G2 were no longer in use (discarded) due to wear and tear, compared to 79% for Interceptor. All dual-AI LLINs exhibited poor textile durability, with Olyset Plus being the worst.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/2/108long-lasting insecticidal netmedian function survivalsurvivorshipattritionfabric integrityTanzania |
| spellingShingle | Jackline Martin Eliud Lukole Louisa A. Messenger Tatu Aziz Elizabeth Mallya Edmond Bernard Nancy S. Matowo Jacklin F. Mosha Mark Rowland Franklin W. Mosha Alphaxard Manjurano Natacha Protopopoff Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Insects long-lasting insecticidal net median function survival survivorship attrition fabric integrity Tanzania |
| title | Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | monitoring of fabric integrity and attrition rate of dual active ingredient long lasting insecticidal nets in tanzania a prospective cohort study nested in a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| topic | long-lasting insecticidal net median function survival survivorship attrition fabric integrity Tanzania |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/2/108 |
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