Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks
The high value of black truffle recompenses the slow growth of the fungus when established in the field. Adding a secondary crop, such as medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), could further enhance the sustainability of truffle production agro-forest systems. The dual cultures of ectomycorrhizal tru...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/4/628 |
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| author | Vasiliki Barou Ana Rincón Cinta Calvet Amelia Camprubí Javier Parladé |
| author_facet | Vasiliki Barou Ana Rincón Cinta Calvet Amelia Camprubí Javier Parladé |
| author_sort | Vasiliki Barou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high value of black truffle recompenses the slow growth of the fungus when established in the field. Adding a secondary crop, such as medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), could further enhance the sustainability of truffle production agro-forest systems. The dual cultures of ectomycorrhizal truffle-oak seedlings and MAPs (lavender, thyme, and sage) previously inoculated and non-inoculated with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were established to evaluate plant–fungi relationships. After 12 months in a shadehouse, plants’ growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and extraradical soil mycelium (both of <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> and AMF) were measured. Overall, truffle-oaks’ growth was negatively affected by the presence of MAPs, especially when inoculated with AMF. In turn, the presence of truffle-oaks barely affected the co-cultured MAPs, and only lavenders showed a significant growth reduction. All AMF-inoculated MAPs showed higher shoot and root biomass than non-inoculated ones. Compared to truffle-oaks growing alone, the presence of co-cultured MAPs, especially when they were AMF-inoculated, significantly decreased both the ectomycorrhizas and soil mycelium of <i>T. melanosporum</i>. These results reveal the strong competition between AMF and <i>T. melanosporum</i> and warn about the need for the protection of intercropping plants and their associated symbiotic fungi to avoid reciprocal counterproductive effects in mixed truffle-oak–AMF–MAP plantations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:13:29Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:13:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-de4d5330e8f349298b8c5feac29e80392023-11-17T18:24:55ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-04-0112462810.3390/biology12040628Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-OaksVasiliki Barou0Ana Rincón1Cinta Calvet2Amelia Camprubí3Javier Parladé4Centre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, SpainInstituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC, C/Serrano 115 dpdo., E-28006 Madrid, SpainCentre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, SpainCentre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, SpainCentre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, SpainThe high value of black truffle recompenses the slow growth of the fungus when established in the field. Adding a secondary crop, such as medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), could further enhance the sustainability of truffle production agro-forest systems. The dual cultures of ectomycorrhizal truffle-oak seedlings and MAPs (lavender, thyme, and sage) previously inoculated and non-inoculated with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were established to evaluate plant–fungi relationships. After 12 months in a shadehouse, plants’ growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and extraradical soil mycelium (both of <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> and AMF) were measured. Overall, truffle-oaks’ growth was negatively affected by the presence of MAPs, especially when inoculated with AMF. In turn, the presence of truffle-oaks barely affected the co-cultured MAPs, and only lavenders showed a significant growth reduction. All AMF-inoculated MAPs showed higher shoot and root biomass than non-inoculated ones. Compared to truffle-oaks growing alone, the presence of co-cultured MAPs, especially when they were AMF-inoculated, significantly decreased both the ectomycorrhizas and soil mycelium of <i>T. melanosporum</i>. These results reveal the strong competition between AMF and <i>T. melanosporum</i> and warn about the need for the protection of intercropping plants and their associated symbiotic fungi to avoid reciprocal counterproductive effects in mixed truffle-oak–AMF–MAP plantations.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/4/628<i>Tuber melanosporum</i>truffle-oaksaromatic plantsarbuscular fungimycorrhizasintercropping |
| spellingShingle | Vasiliki Barou Ana Rincón Cinta Calvet Amelia Camprubí Javier Parladé Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks Biology <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> truffle-oaks aromatic plants arbuscular fungi mycorrhizas intercropping |
| title | Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks |
| title_full | Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks |
| title_fullStr | Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks |
| title_short | Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks |
| title_sort | aromatic plants and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi outcompete i tuber melanosporum i in compatibility assays with truffle oaks |
| topic | <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> truffle-oaks aromatic plants arbuscular fungi mycorrhizas intercropping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/4/628 |
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