Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau
Investigating how the productivity dynamics of planted forests vary over time is important for understanding the resilience of forests against disturbance and for maximizing ecological restoration and replanting efforts. In this study, the patterns of interannual variability in net primary productio...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3380 |
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| author | Nigenare Amantai Yuanyuan Meng Shanshan Song Zihui Li Bowen Hou Zhiyao Tang |
| author_facet | Nigenare Amantai Yuanyuan Meng Shanshan Song Zihui Li Bowen Hou Zhiyao Tang |
| author_sort | Nigenare Amantai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Investigating how the productivity dynamics of planted forests vary over time is important for understanding the resilience of forests against disturbance and for maximizing ecological restoration and replanting efforts. In this study, the patterns of interannual variability in net primary production (NPP) were analyzed for planted forests as indicated by the inverse of the coefficient of variation (ICV) time series at a ten-year moving window on the Loess Plateau, China, from 2000 to 2021. The spatial–temporal patterns were defined based on the increase or decrease trend obtained using the ordinary least squares method between abrupt change points performed by a Mann–Kendall test in an ICV time series, as follows: only one linear trend, increase (LI), and decrease (LD); at least two trends, increase firstly and decrease lastly (ID) and decrease firstly and increase lastly (DI); and other trends. The results showed that 82.74% of the ICV on the Loess Plateau displayed LD and ID patterns, indicating an increasing variability of forest productivity in this region. Overall, 73.83% of the ICV had a lower degree of rate decrease in the last phase than during the initial increase. Thus, the variability was in an early stage of increasing degree. The ICV time series showed an LI pattern in the eastern Gansu and the southern Shanxi, indicating a decreased variability, due partly to the improved forest restoration. When the plantation age was considered, the newly planted forests (less than 19 a) exhibited a decreasing variability, indicating the proactive role of forest management and restoration in averting environmental disruptions in dry environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:30:46Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:30:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-de617329c9a24096bfac87a92ea6c29a2023-11-18T17:25:24ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-07-011513338010.3390/rs15133380Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess PlateauNigenare Amantai0Yuanyuan Meng1Shanshan Song2Zihui Li3Bowen Hou4Zhiyao Tang5Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaInstitute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaInstitute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaInvestigating how the productivity dynamics of planted forests vary over time is important for understanding the resilience of forests against disturbance and for maximizing ecological restoration and replanting efforts. In this study, the patterns of interannual variability in net primary production (NPP) were analyzed for planted forests as indicated by the inverse of the coefficient of variation (ICV) time series at a ten-year moving window on the Loess Plateau, China, from 2000 to 2021. The spatial–temporal patterns were defined based on the increase or decrease trend obtained using the ordinary least squares method between abrupt change points performed by a Mann–Kendall test in an ICV time series, as follows: only one linear trend, increase (LI), and decrease (LD); at least two trends, increase firstly and decrease lastly (ID) and decrease firstly and increase lastly (DI); and other trends. The results showed that 82.74% of the ICV on the Loess Plateau displayed LD and ID patterns, indicating an increasing variability of forest productivity in this region. Overall, 73.83% of the ICV had a lower degree of rate decrease in the last phase than during the initial increase. Thus, the variability was in an early stage of increasing degree. The ICV time series showed an LI pattern in the eastern Gansu and the southern Shanxi, indicating a decreased variability, due partly to the improved forest restoration. When the plantation age was considered, the newly planted forests (less than 19 a) exhibited a decreasing variability, indicating the proactive role of forest management and restoration in averting environmental disruptions in dry environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3380interannual variabilityplanted forestspatial–temporal patternsNPP time seriesthe Loess Plateauinverse coefficient of variation |
| spellingShingle | Nigenare Amantai Yuanyuan Meng Shanshan Song Zihui Li Bowen Hou Zhiyao Tang Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau Remote Sensing interannual variability planted forest spatial–temporal patterns NPP time series the Loess Plateau inverse coefficient of variation |
| title | Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau |
| title_full | Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau |
| title_short | Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Interannual Variability in Planted Forests: NPP Time-Series Analysis on the Loess Plateau |
| title_sort | spatial temporal patterns of interannual variability in planted forests npp time series analysis on the loess plateau |
| topic | interannual variability planted forest spatial–temporal patterns NPP time series the Loess Plateau inverse coefficient of variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3380 |
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