Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt
Soil salinization is a global problem that affects a large part of the world, especially arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, diagnosing soil salinity is the first step towards appropriate management. The current work aims to assess and map soil salinity in the eastern Nile Delta using principal compo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2510 |
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| author | Samah M. S. Abdelaal Karam F. Moussa Ahmed H. Ibrahim Elsayed Said Mohamed Dmitry E. Kucher Igor Savin Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah |
| author_facet | Samah M. S. Abdelaal Karam F. Moussa Ahmed H. Ibrahim Elsayed Said Mohamed Dmitry E. Kucher Igor Savin Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah |
| author_sort | Samah M. S. Abdelaal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil salinization is a global problem that affects a large part of the world, especially arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, diagnosing soil salinity is the first step towards appropriate management. The current work aims to assess and map soil salinity in the eastern Nile Delta using principal component analysis (PCA). In order to develop appropriate solutions for rational management to mitigate the impacts of soil salinization and increase yield production 34 soil profiles were dug that covered the variation in the soils located at the northeast of the Nile delta. The spatial variation of soil parameters was mapped using ordinary kriging interpolation. The results of PCA illustrated that, among the studied soil properties, soil electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percent (ESP), and bulk density (BD), are the critical factors affecting management practices in the Nile Delta. Two spatial management zones (SMZ) were identified; SMZ 1 occupied 45.04% of the study area and SMZ2 occupied 54.96% of the study area. The average of soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD were 8.31, 20.32 dSm<sup>−1</sup>, 47.19, 32.9 cmolckg<sup>−1</sup>, 32.85% and 1.47 Mgm<sup>−3</sup> for the first cluster (SMZ1), respectively. In addition, the second cluster (SMZ2) had average soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD of 7.75, 12.30 dSm<sup>−1</sup>, 26.6, 25.23 cmolckg<sup>−1</sup>, 26.6% and 1.27 Mgm<sup>−3</sup>. The results showed <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 which confirms that there is a significant statistical difference between the two zones. Finally, the results obtained could be used as a fundamental basis for improving agricultural management practices in such salt-affected soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:40:59Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:40:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-de649a90ccca457aaf68aafa09711b8e2023-11-23T03:23:00ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-12-011112251010.3390/agronomy11122510Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, EgyptSamah M. S. Abdelaal0Karam F. Moussa1Ahmed H. Ibrahim2Elsayed Said Mohamed3Dmitry E. Kucher4Igor Savin5Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah6Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptSoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptSoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptNational Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, Cairo 11843, EgyptDepartment of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198 Moscow, RussiaSoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptSoil salinization is a global problem that affects a large part of the world, especially arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, diagnosing soil salinity is the first step towards appropriate management. The current work aims to assess and map soil salinity in the eastern Nile Delta using principal component analysis (PCA). In order to develop appropriate solutions for rational management to mitigate the impacts of soil salinization and increase yield production 34 soil profiles were dug that covered the variation in the soils located at the northeast of the Nile delta. The spatial variation of soil parameters was mapped using ordinary kriging interpolation. The results of PCA illustrated that, among the studied soil properties, soil electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percent (ESP), and bulk density (BD), are the critical factors affecting management practices in the Nile Delta. Two spatial management zones (SMZ) were identified; SMZ 1 occupied 45.04% of the study area and SMZ2 occupied 54.96% of the study area. The average of soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD were 8.31, 20.32 dSm<sup>−1</sup>, 47.19, 32.9 cmolckg<sup>−1</sup>, 32.85% and 1.47 Mgm<sup>−3</sup> for the first cluster (SMZ1), respectively. In addition, the second cluster (SMZ2) had average soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD of 7.75, 12.30 dSm<sup>−1</sup>, 26.6, 25.23 cmolckg<sup>−1</sup>, 26.6% and 1.27 Mgm<sup>−3</sup>. The results showed <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 which confirms that there is a significant statistical difference between the two zones. Finally, the results obtained could be used as a fundamental basis for improving agricultural management practices in such salt-affected soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2510spatial managementsite-specific management zonesPCAsalt-affected soils |
| spellingShingle | Samah M. S. Abdelaal Karam F. Moussa Ahmed H. Ibrahim Elsayed Said Mohamed Dmitry E. Kucher Igor Savin Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt Agronomy spatial management site-specific management zones PCA salt-affected soils |
| title | Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt |
| title_full | Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt |
| title_short | Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt |
| title_sort | mapping spatial management zones of salt affected soils in arid region a case study in the east of the nile delta egypt |
| topic | spatial management site-specific management zones PCA salt-affected soils |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2510 |
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