Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis
Propolis is widely used in health preservation and disease healing; it contains many ingredients. The previous study had revealed that the ethanolic or water extracts of propolis have a wide range of efficacy, such as antiviral, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, and so on, but its antiviral com...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.857183/full |
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| author | Xia Ma Xia Ma Xia Ma ZhenHuan Guo ZhenHuan Guo ZhenHuan Guo Yana Li Yana Li Yana Li Kun Yang Kun Yang Kun Yang Xianghui Li Xianghui Li Xianghui Li Yonglu Liu Yonglu Liu Yonglu Liu Zhiqiang Shen Li Zhao Li Zhao Li Zhao Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang |
| author_facet | Xia Ma Xia Ma Xia Ma ZhenHuan Guo ZhenHuan Guo ZhenHuan Guo Yana Li Yana Li Yana Li Kun Yang Kun Yang Kun Yang Xianghui Li Xianghui Li Xianghui Li Yonglu Liu Yonglu Liu Yonglu Liu Zhiqiang Shen Li Zhao Li Zhao Li Zhao Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang |
| author_sort | Xia Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Propolis is widely used in health preservation and disease healing; it contains many ingredients. The previous study had revealed that the ethanolic or water extracts of propolis have a wide range of efficacy, such as antiviral, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, and so on, but its antiviral components and underlying mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, anti-porcine parvovirus (PPV) effectiveness, and immunological enhancement of propolis flavone ethanolic extracts. The chemical composition of propolis flavone was distinguished by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, the presence and characterization of 26 major components were distinguished in negative ionization modes to evaluate the effects of propolis flavonoid used as an adjuvant on the immune response of Landrace–Yorkshire hybrid sows immunized with an inactivated vaccine of PPV. Thirty Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid sows were randomly assigned to one of three groups, and the sows in the adjuvant groups were intramuscularly injected with PPV vaccine with a 2.0-ml propolis flavonoid adjuvant (PA) and oil emulsion adjuvant. After that, serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG subclasses were measured to evaluate the adjuvant effects of propolis flavonoid on the humoral immune responses, as well as peripheral lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum concentrations of Th1 and Th2 cytokines for cellular immunity. Results indicated an enhancing effect of PA on IgM, interleukins 2 and 4, interferon-γ, and IgG subclass responses. Especially in the effect of improving cellular immune response, the PA was the best. These findings suggested that PA can significantly enhance the immune responses against the PPV vaccine and could be an alternative way to improve PPV vaccination in sows. Furthermore, we screened the PF chemical components to the effectiveness of anti-PPV. Ferulic acid has an excellent anti-PPV effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:38:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de6509ceef8a4dbbb1f70cf88efcb746 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:38:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-de6509ceef8a4dbbb1f70cf88efcb7462022-12-21T23:28:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-04-01910.3389/fvets.2022.857183857183Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From PropolisXia Ma0Xia Ma1Xia Ma2ZhenHuan Guo3ZhenHuan Guo4ZhenHuan Guo5Yana Li6Yana Li7Yana Li8Kun Yang9Kun Yang10Kun Yang11Xianghui Li12Xianghui Li13Xianghui Li14Yonglu Liu15Yonglu Liu16Yonglu Liu17Zhiqiang Shen18Li Zhao19Li Zhao20Li Zhao21Zhiqiang Zhang22Zhiqiang Zhang23Zhiqiang Zhang24Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaMedicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaSchool of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, ChinaMedicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaMedicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaMedicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaBinzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy of Shandong Province, Binzhou, ChinaMedicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaZhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaPropolis is widely used in health preservation and disease healing; it contains many ingredients. The previous study had revealed that the ethanolic or water extracts of propolis have a wide range of efficacy, such as antiviral, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, and so on, but its antiviral components and underlying mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, anti-porcine parvovirus (PPV) effectiveness, and immunological enhancement of propolis flavone ethanolic extracts. The chemical composition of propolis flavone was distinguished by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, the presence and characterization of 26 major components were distinguished in negative ionization modes to evaluate the effects of propolis flavonoid used as an adjuvant on the immune response of Landrace–Yorkshire hybrid sows immunized with an inactivated vaccine of PPV. Thirty Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid sows were randomly assigned to one of three groups, and the sows in the adjuvant groups were intramuscularly injected with PPV vaccine with a 2.0-ml propolis flavonoid adjuvant (PA) and oil emulsion adjuvant. After that, serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG subclasses were measured to evaluate the adjuvant effects of propolis flavonoid on the humoral immune responses, as well as peripheral lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum concentrations of Th1 and Th2 cytokines for cellular immunity. Results indicated an enhancing effect of PA on IgM, interleukins 2 and 4, interferon-γ, and IgG subclass responses. Especially in the effect of improving cellular immune response, the PA was the best. These findings suggested that PA can significantly enhance the immune responses against the PPV vaccine and could be an alternative way to improve PPV vaccination in sows. Furthermore, we screened the PF chemical components to the effectiveness of anti-PPV. Ferulic acid has an excellent anti-PPV effect.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.857183/fullphytochemical constituentspropolis flavonoidUPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MSferulic acidporcine parvovirus |
| spellingShingle | Xia Ma Xia Ma Xia Ma ZhenHuan Guo ZhenHuan Guo ZhenHuan Guo Yana Li Yana Li Yana Li Kun Yang Kun Yang Kun Yang Xianghui Li Xianghui Li Xianghui Li Yonglu Liu Yonglu Liu Yonglu Liu Zhiqiang Shen Li Zhao Li Zhao Li Zhao Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis Frontiers in Veterinary Science phytochemical constituents propolis flavonoid UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS ferulic acid porcine parvovirus |
| title | Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis |
| title_full | Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis |
| title_short | Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis |
| title_sort | phytochemical constituents of propolis flavonoid immunological enhancement and anti porcine parvovirus activities isolated from propolis |
| topic | phytochemical constituents propolis flavonoid UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS ferulic acid porcine parvovirus |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.857183/full |
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