The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>
<i>Verticillium dahliae</i> is one of the most destructive soilborne plant pathogens since it has a broad host range and there is no chemical disease management. Therefore, there is a need to unravel the molecular interaction between the pathogen and the host plant. For this purpose, we...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/907 |
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| author | Eirini G. Poulaki Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou Danai Gkizi Iakovos S. Pantelides Sotirios E. Tjamos |
| author_facet | Eirini G. Poulaki Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou Danai Gkizi Iakovos S. Pantelides Sotirios E. Tjamos |
| author_sort | Eirini G. Poulaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> is one of the most destructive soilborne plant pathogens since it has a broad host range and there is no chemical disease management. Therefore, there is a need to unravel the molecular interaction between the pathogen and the host plant. For this purpose, we examined the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthases (ACSs) of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> upon <i>V. dahliae</i> infection. We observed that the <i>acs2</i>, <i>acs6</i>, and <i>acs2/6</i> plants are partially resistant to <i>V. dahliae</i>, since the disease severity of the <i>acs</i> mutants was lower than the wild type (wt) Col-0 plants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that <i>acs2</i>, <i>acs6</i>, and <i>acs2/6</i> plants had lower endophytic levels of <i>V. dahliae</i> than the wt. Therefore, the observed reduction of the disease severity in the <i>acs</i> mutants is rather associated with resistance than tolerance. It was also shown that <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> were upregulated upon <i>V. dahliae</i> infection in the root and the above ground tissues of the wt plants. Furthermore, the addition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), the competitive inhibitor of ACS, in wt <i>A. thaliana</i>, before or after <i>V. dahliae</i> inoculation, revealed that both substances decreased <i>Verticillium</i> wilt symptoms compared to controls irrespectively of the application time. Therefore, our results suggest that the mechanism underpinning the partial resistance of <i>acs2</i> and <i>acs6</i> seem to be ethylene depended rather than ACC related, since the application of ACC in the wt led to decreased disease severity compared to control. |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:25:08Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-de678a576eb74f01810093c1d87706b02023-11-20T07:08:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-07-019790710.3390/plants9070907The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>Eirini G. Poulaki0Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou1Danai Gkizi2Iakovos S. Pantelides3Sotirios E. Tjamos4Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str., Limassol 3036, CyprusLaboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str., Limassol 3036, CyprusLaboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece<i>Verticillium dahliae</i> is one of the most destructive soilborne plant pathogens since it has a broad host range and there is no chemical disease management. Therefore, there is a need to unravel the molecular interaction between the pathogen and the host plant. For this purpose, we examined the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthases (ACSs) of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> upon <i>V. dahliae</i> infection. We observed that the <i>acs2</i>, <i>acs6</i>, and <i>acs2/6</i> plants are partially resistant to <i>V. dahliae</i>, since the disease severity of the <i>acs</i> mutants was lower than the wild type (wt) Col-0 plants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that <i>acs2</i>, <i>acs6</i>, and <i>acs2/6</i> plants had lower endophytic levels of <i>V. dahliae</i> than the wt. Therefore, the observed reduction of the disease severity in the <i>acs</i> mutants is rather associated with resistance than tolerance. It was also shown that <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> were upregulated upon <i>V. dahliae</i> infection in the root and the above ground tissues of the wt plants. Furthermore, the addition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), the competitive inhibitor of ACS, in wt <i>A. thaliana</i>, before or after <i>V. dahliae</i> inoculation, revealed that both substances decreased <i>Verticillium</i> wilt symptoms compared to controls irrespectively of the application time. Therefore, our results suggest that the mechanism underpinning the partial resistance of <i>acs2</i> and <i>acs6</i> seem to be ethylene depended rather than ACC related, since the application of ACC in the wt led to decreased disease severity compared to control.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/9071-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid<i>Arabidospsis thaliana</i>ethylenephytohormones |
| spellingShingle | Eirini G. Poulaki Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou Danai Gkizi Iakovos S. Pantelides Sotirios E. Tjamos The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> Plants 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid <i>Arabidospsis thaliana</i> ethylene phytohormones |
| title | The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> |
| title_full | The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> |
| title_short | The Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes <i>ACS2</i> and <i>ACS6</i> Modulate Disease Severity of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> |
| title_sort | ethylene biosynthesis genes i acs2 i and i acs6 i modulate disease severity of i verticillium dahliae i |
| topic | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid <i>Arabidospsis thaliana</i> ethylene phytohormones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/907 |
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