Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash
The European Union (EU) presented a uniform List of Waste (LoW) in 2000 and last updated the technical guidance in 2018. The respective local regulations for the classification of waste in Estonia were set in 2015. Due to the changes in the regulations, it was necessary to review the properties of s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Estonian Academy Publishers
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Oil Shale |
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| Online Access: | https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/OS-1-2022-1-19_20220310125428.pdf |
| _version_ | 1817998351172370432 |
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| author | Heidi Lees Oliver Järvik Alar Konist Andres Siirde Birgit Maaten |
| author_facet | Heidi Lees Oliver Järvik Alar Konist Andres Siirde Birgit Maaten |
| author_sort | Heidi Lees |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The European Union (EU) presented a uniform List of Waste (LoW) in 2000 and last updated the technical guidance in 2018. The respective local regulations for the classification of waste in Estonia were set in 2015. Due to the changes in the regulations, it was necessary to review the properties of solid wastes generated in Estonian oil shale industry in light of hazardous properties. Therefore, the properties of the produced ash streams were analysed and the obtained results were compared to those for coal for being in accordance with common practices. The main objective of the paper was to answer the question whether the properties of oil shale (OS) are comparable to those of coal as coal and its combustion residues were not considered hazardous waste in Europe, but the respective counterparts of oil shale were. The EU guidelines suggest the use of calculations based on trace element concentrations for the classification of hazardous property (HP) 14 â ecotoxic. Therefore, an extensive study was conducted to investigate the hazardous properties of all the solid residues from power plants operating on oil shale and shale oil production facilities. This paper describes one part of it â the trace element compositions of the major ash streams produced in the Estonian oil shale industry and focuses on their comparison with data available for coal ash samples. The findings of the study showed that, similarly to coal, oil shale ash (OSA) should not be considered as ecotoxic due to the low concentrations of trace elements. It was found that the investigated oil shale ash samples exhibited a very similar composition and properties to those of coal, and as a result of a larger study, from the beginning of 2020, oil shale ash and other oil shale thermal treatment residues are not classified as hazardous waste in Estonia, thereby initiating policy changes that affect most areas of the economy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:52:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de6c51d406d24b5e97a30cdc02a141c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0208-189X 1736-7492 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:52:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Estonian Academy Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Oil Shale |
| spelling | doaj.art-de6c51d406d24b5e97a30cdc02a141c62022-12-22T02:16:15ZengEstonian Academy PublishersOil Shale0208-189X1736-74922022-02-0139111910.3176/oil.2022.1.0110.3176/oil.2022.1.01Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ashHeidi Lees0Oliver Järvik1Alar Konist2Andres Siirde3Birgit Maaten4Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; Laboratory of Fuels Technology, Virumaa College, Tallinn University of Technology, Järveküla tee 75, 30322 Kohtla-Järve, EstoniaDepartment of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; Laboratory of Fuels Technology, Virumaa College, Tallinn University of Technology, Järveküla tee 75, 30322 Kohtla-Järve, EstoniaDepartment of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; Corresponding author: e-mail birgit.maaten@taltech.eeThe European Union (EU) presented a uniform List of Waste (LoW) in 2000 and last updated the technical guidance in 2018. The respective local regulations for the classification of waste in Estonia were set in 2015. Due to the changes in the regulations, it was necessary to review the properties of solid wastes generated in Estonian oil shale industry in light of hazardous properties. Therefore, the properties of the produced ash streams were analysed and the obtained results were compared to those for coal for being in accordance with common practices. The main objective of the paper was to answer the question whether the properties of oil shale (OS) are comparable to those of coal as coal and its combustion residues were not considered hazardous waste in Europe, but the respective counterparts of oil shale were. The EU guidelines suggest the use of calculations based on trace element concentrations for the classification of hazardous property (HP) 14 â ecotoxic. Therefore, an extensive study was conducted to investigate the hazardous properties of all the solid residues from power plants operating on oil shale and shale oil production facilities. This paper describes one part of it â the trace element compositions of the major ash streams produced in the Estonian oil shale industry and focuses on their comparison with data available for coal ash samples. The findings of the study showed that, similarly to coal, oil shale ash (OSA) should not be considered as ecotoxic due to the low concentrations of trace elements. It was found that the investigated oil shale ash samples exhibited a very similar composition and properties to those of coal, and as a result of a larger study, from the beginning of 2020, oil shale ash and other oil shale thermal treatment residues are not classified as hazardous waste in Estonia, thereby initiating policy changes that affect most areas of the economy.https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/OS-1-2022-1-19_20220310125428.pdfoil shale by-productssolid fuelsecotoxicityheavy metalswaste policy. |
| spellingShingle | Heidi Lees Oliver Järvik Alar Konist Andres Siirde Birgit Maaten Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash Oil Shale oil shale by-products solid fuels ecotoxicity heavy metals waste policy. |
| title | Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash |
| title_full | Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash |
| title_short | Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash |
| title_sort | comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by products to those of coal ash |
| topic | oil shale by-products solid fuels ecotoxicity heavy metals waste policy. |
| url | https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/OS-1-2022-1-19_20220310125428.pdf |
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