| Summary: | Patorn Piromchai,1,2 Pornthep Kasemsiri,1,3 Supawan Laohasiriwong,1 Sanguansak Thanaviratananich1 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 2Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital/University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia; 3Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA Abstract: This review describes the epidemiology and various treatments in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Evidence for short-term use of systemic corticosteroids has been shown to be favorable in CRSwNP, but still limited in CRSsNP. Topical corticosteroids improve symptom scores in both CRS subgroups. The role of microbes in CRS is still controversial. Culture-directed antibiotics are recommended for CRSsNP with exacerbation. Long-term use of low dosage antibiotics is recommended for CRSsNP for their anti-inflammatory effects. Other emerging treatment options are also discussed. Keywords: rhinosinusitis, chronic, nasal polyps, therapy, sinus
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