Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity
Nutritional interventions are a promising therapeutic option for addressing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. One such option, intermittent fasting (IF), has emerged as a viable alternative to daily caloric restriction and may beneficially modulate body weight regulation and alter the gut mic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1036080/full |
| _version_ | 1811235042629779456 |
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| author | Alex E. Mohr Paniz Jasbi Paniz Jasbi Devin A. Bowes Blake Dirks Corrie M. Whisner Corrie M. Whisner Karen M. Arciero Michelle Poe Haiwei Gu Haiwei Gu Eric Gumpricht Karen L. Sweazea Karen L. Sweazea Paul J. Arciero |
| author_facet | Alex E. Mohr Paniz Jasbi Paniz Jasbi Devin A. Bowes Blake Dirks Corrie M. Whisner Corrie M. Whisner Karen M. Arciero Michelle Poe Haiwei Gu Haiwei Gu Eric Gumpricht Karen L. Sweazea Karen L. Sweazea Paul J. Arciero |
| author_sort | Alex E. Mohr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutritional interventions are a promising therapeutic option for addressing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. One such option, intermittent fasting (IF), has emerged as a viable alternative to daily caloric restriction and may beneficially modulate body weight regulation and alter the gut microbiome (GM) and plasma metabolome. This secondary analysis of a larger, registered trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04327141) examined the effect of a four-week intervention comparing one vs. two-consecutive days of IF in combination with protein pacing (IF-P; 4-5 meals/day, >30% protein/day) on the GM, the plasma metabolome, and associated clinical outcomes in overweight and obese adults. Participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either a diet consisting of one fasting day (total of 36 h) and six low-calorie P days per week (IF1-P, n = 10) or two fasting days (60 h total) and five low-calorie P days per week (IF2-P, n = 10). The fecal microbiome, clinical outcomes, and plasma metabolome were analyzed at baseline (week 0) and after four weeks. There were no significant time or interaction effects for alpha diversity; however, baseline alpha diversity was negatively correlated with percent body fat change after the four-week intervention (p = 0.030). In addition, beta-diversity for both IF groups was altered significantly by time (p = 0.001), with no significant differences between groups. The IF1-P group had a significant increase in abundance of Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis and Eubacterium fissicatena group (q ≤ 0.007), while the IF2-P group had a significant increase in abundance of Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis and a decrease in Eubacterium ventriosum group (q ≤ 0.005). The plasma metabolite profile of IF2-P participants displayed significant increases in serine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), levulinic acid, 3-aminobutyric acid, citrate, isocitrate, and glucuronic acid (q ≤ 0.049) compared to IF1-P. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations did not differ significantly by time or between groups (p ≥ 0.126). Interestingly, gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly reduced for the IF2-P group but not for the IF1-P group. Our results demonstrate that short-term IF modestly influenced the GM community structure and the plasma metabolome, suggesting these protocols could be viable for certain nutritional intervention strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:45:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de7a794b2f2e46f0829aca09f77d1751 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:45:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-de7a794b2f2e46f0829aca09f77d17512022-12-22T03:34:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-10-01910.3389/fnut.2022.10360801036080Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesityAlex E. Mohr0Paniz Jasbi1Paniz Jasbi2Devin A. Bowes3Blake Dirks4Corrie M. Whisner5Corrie M. Whisner6Karen M. Arciero7Michelle Poe8Haiwei Gu9Haiwei Gu10Eric Gumpricht11Karen L. Sweazea12Karen L. Sweazea13Paul J. Arciero14College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United StatesCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United StatesSchool of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United StatesCenter for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United StatesCenter for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United StatesCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United StatesCenter for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United StatesHuman Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United StatesHuman Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United StatesCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United StatesCenter for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, United StatesIsagenix International, LLC, Gilbert, AZ, United StatesCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United StatesSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United StatesHuman Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United StatesNutritional interventions are a promising therapeutic option for addressing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. One such option, intermittent fasting (IF), has emerged as a viable alternative to daily caloric restriction and may beneficially modulate body weight regulation and alter the gut microbiome (GM) and plasma metabolome. This secondary analysis of a larger, registered trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04327141) examined the effect of a four-week intervention comparing one vs. two-consecutive days of IF in combination with protein pacing (IF-P; 4-5 meals/day, >30% protein/day) on the GM, the plasma metabolome, and associated clinical outcomes in overweight and obese adults. Participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either a diet consisting of one fasting day (total of 36 h) and six low-calorie P days per week (IF1-P, n = 10) or two fasting days (60 h total) and five low-calorie P days per week (IF2-P, n = 10). The fecal microbiome, clinical outcomes, and plasma metabolome were analyzed at baseline (week 0) and after four weeks. There were no significant time or interaction effects for alpha diversity; however, baseline alpha diversity was negatively correlated with percent body fat change after the four-week intervention (p = 0.030). In addition, beta-diversity for both IF groups was altered significantly by time (p = 0.001), with no significant differences between groups. The IF1-P group had a significant increase in abundance of Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis and Eubacterium fissicatena group (q ≤ 0.007), while the IF2-P group had a significant increase in abundance of Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis and a decrease in Eubacterium ventriosum group (q ≤ 0.005). The plasma metabolite profile of IF2-P participants displayed significant increases in serine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), levulinic acid, 3-aminobutyric acid, citrate, isocitrate, and glucuronic acid (q ≤ 0.049) compared to IF1-P. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations did not differ significantly by time or between groups (p ≥ 0.126). Interestingly, gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly reduced for the IF2-P group but not for the IF1-P group. Our results demonstrate that short-term IF modestly influenced the GM community structure and the plasma metabolome, suggesting these protocols could be viable for certain nutritional intervention strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1036080/fullgut microbiomeintermittent fastingmetabolomecaloric restrictionobesityweight loss |
| spellingShingle | Alex E. Mohr Paniz Jasbi Paniz Jasbi Devin A. Bowes Blake Dirks Corrie M. Whisner Corrie M. Whisner Karen M. Arciero Michelle Poe Haiwei Gu Haiwei Gu Eric Gumpricht Karen L. Sweazea Karen L. Sweazea Paul J. Arciero Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity Frontiers in Nutrition gut microbiome intermittent fasting metabolome caloric restriction obesity weight loss |
| title | Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity |
| title_full | Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity |
| title_fullStr | Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity |
| title_short | Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity |
| title_sort | exploratory analysis of one versus two day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight obesity |
| topic | gut microbiome intermittent fasting metabolome caloric restriction obesity weight loss |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1036080/full |
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