Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples
Curbing tuberculosis (TB) requires a combination of good strategies, including a proper prevention measure, diagnosis, and treatment. This study proposes an improvised tuberculosis diagnosis based on an amperometry approach for the sensitive detection of MPT64 antigen in clinical samples. An MPT64 a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2551 |
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| author | Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus Nor Azah Yusof Suhainie Ismail Siti Suraiya Md Noor Faruq Mohammad Yusran Sulaiman Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston Jaafar Abdullah Ahmed A. Soleiman |
| author_facet | Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus Nor Azah Yusof Suhainie Ismail Siti Suraiya Md Noor Faruq Mohammad Yusran Sulaiman Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston Jaafar Abdullah Ahmed A. Soleiman |
| author_sort | Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Curbing tuberculosis (TB) requires a combination of good strategies, including a proper prevention measure, diagnosis, and treatment. This study proposes an improvised tuberculosis diagnosis based on an amperometry approach for the sensitive detection of MPT64 antigen in clinical samples. An MPT64 aptamer specific to the target antigen was covalently attached to the carboxyphenyl diazonium-functionalized carbon electrode via carbodiimide chemistry. The electrochemical detection assay was adapted from a sandwich assay format to trap the antigen between the immobilized aptamer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tagged polyclonal anti-MPT64 antibody. The amperometric current was measured from the catalytic reaction response between HRP, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroquinone, which is used as an electron mediator. From the analysis, the detection limit in the measurement buffer was 1.11 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, the developed aptasensor exhibited a linear relationship between the current signal and the MPT64 antigen-spiked serum concentration ranging from 10 to 150 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> with a 1.38 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> detection limit. Finally, an evaluation using the clinical sputum samples from both TB (+) and TB (−) individuals revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 100%, respectively. Based on the analysis, the developed aptasensor was found to be simple in its fabrication, sensitive, and allowed for the efficient detection and diagnosis of TB in sputum samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de7b6c63bc014104a72ddc9f56d89f79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-de7b6c63bc014104a72ddc9f56d89f792023-12-03T12:51:36ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-07-011215255110.3390/nano12152551Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum SamplesMuhammad Hafiznur Yunus0Nor Azah Yusof1Suhainie Ismail2Siti Suraiya Md Noor3Faruq Mohammad4Yusran Sulaiman5Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston6Jaafar Abdullah7Ahmed A. Soleiman8Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USACurbing tuberculosis (TB) requires a combination of good strategies, including a proper prevention measure, diagnosis, and treatment. This study proposes an improvised tuberculosis diagnosis based on an amperometry approach for the sensitive detection of MPT64 antigen in clinical samples. An MPT64 aptamer specific to the target antigen was covalently attached to the carboxyphenyl diazonium-functionalized carbon electrode via carbodiimide chemistry. The electrochemical detection assay was adapted from a sandwich assay format to trap the antigen between the immobilized aptamer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tagged polyclonal anti-MPT64 antibody. The amperometric current was measured from the catalytic reaction response between HRP, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroquinone, which is used as an electron mediator. From the analysis, the detection limit in the measurement buffer was 1.11 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, the developed aptasensor exhibited a linear relationship between the current signal and the MPT64 antigen-spiked serum concentration ranging from 10 to 150 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> with a 1.38 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> detection limit. Finally, an evaluation using the clinical sputum samples from both TB (+) and TB (−) individuals revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 100%, respectively. Based on the analysis, the developed aptasensor was found to be simple in its fabrication, sensitive, and allowed for the efficient detection and diagnosis of TB in sputum samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2551tuberculosis detectionMPT64 antigenaptameraptasensorcarboxyphenyl diazonium saltsputum samples |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus Nor Azah Yusof Suhainie Ismail Siti Suraiya Md Noor Faruq Mohammad Yusran Sulaiman Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston Jaafar Abdullah Ahmed A. Soleiman Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples Nanomaterials tuberculosis detection MPT64 antigen aptamer aptasensor carboxyphenyl diazonium salt sputum samples |
| title | Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples |
| title_full | Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples |
| title_fullStr | Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples |
| title_short | Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples |
| title_sort | surface enhanced carboxyphenyl diazonium functionalized screen printed carbon electrode for the screening of tuberculosis in sputum samples |
| topic | tuberculosis detection MPT64 antigen aptamer aptasensor carboxyphenyl diazonium salt sputum samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2551 |
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