Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application

Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based b...

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Main Authors: Mariana Souto-Lopes, Maria Helena Fernandes, Fernando Jorge Monteiro, Christiane Laranjo Salgado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-06-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/12/4483
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author Mariana Souto-Lopes
Maria Helena Fernandes
Fernando Jorge Monteiro
Christiane Laranjo Salgado
author_facet Mariana Souto-Lopes
Maria Helena Fernandes
Fernando Jorge Monteiro
Christiane Laranjo Salgado
author_sort Mariana Souto-Lopes
collection DOAJ
description Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based bone scaffold preparation methods have been increasingly improved to overcome the difficulties in balancing the need for an open highly porous and hierarchically organized microstructure with compression resistance to withstand bone physiological loads, especially in wet conditions. Moreover, these improved aerogel scaffolds have been implanted in vivo in critical bone defects, in order to test their bone regeneration potential. This review addresses recently published studies on aerogel composite (organic/inorganic)-based scaffolds, having in mind the various cutting-edge technologies and raw biomaterials used, as well as the improvements that are still a challenge in terms of their relevant properties. Finally, the lack of 3D in vitro models of bone tissue for regeneration studies is emphasized, as well as the need for further developments to overcome and minimize the requirement for studies using in vivo animal models.
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spelling doaj.art-de7cd22824934a92ae20647f88e6734d2023-11-18T11:26:54ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-06-011612448310.3390/ma16124483Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue ApplicationMariana Souto-Lopes0Maria Helena Fernandes1Fernando Jorge Monteiro2Christiane Laranjo Salgado3i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalBonelab–Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalTissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based bone scaffold preparation methods have been increasingly improved to overcome the difficulties in balancing the need for an open highly porous and hierarchically organized microstructure with compression resistance to withstand bone physiological loads, especially in wet conditions. Moreover, these improved aerogel scaffolds have been implanted in vivo in critical bone defects, in order to test their bone regeneration potential. This review addresses recently published studies on aerogel composite (organic/inorganic)-based scaffolds, having in mind the various cutting-edge technologies and raw biomaterials used, as well as the improvements that are still a challenge in terms of their relevant properties. Finally, the lack of 3D in vitro models of bone tissue for regeneration studies is emphasized, as well as the need for further developments to overcome and minimize the requirement for studies using in vivo animal models.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/12/4483aerogelsbone regenerationcomposite scaffoldsporous microstructuremechanical propertiesbiomaterials
spellingShingle Mariana Souto-Lopes
Maria Helena Fernandes
Fernando Jorge Monteiro
Christiane Laranjo Salgado
Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application
Materials
aerogels
bone regeneration
composite scaffolds
porous microstructure
mechanical properties
biomaterials
title Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application
title_full Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application
title_fullStr Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application
title_full_unstemmed Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application
title_short Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application
title_sort bioengineering composite aerogel based scaffolds that influence porous microstructure mechanical properties and in vivo regeneration for bone tissue application
topic aerogels
bone regeneration
composite scaffolds
porous microstructure
mechanical properties
biomaterials
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/12/4483
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