Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis
Abstract Background Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and, therefore, is a tightly regulated process. Deregulation of apoptosis signalling can favour carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibitor 5 (Api5), an inhibitor of apoptosis, is upregulated in cancers. Int...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Cancer |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10866-7 |
| _version_ | 1797836447210799104 |
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| author | Abhijith Kuttanamkuzhi Debiprasad Panda Radhika Malaviya Gautami Gaidhani Mayurika Lahiri |
| author_facet | Abhijith Kuttanamkuzhi Debiprasad Panda Radhika Malaviya Gautami Gaidhani Mayurika Lahiri |
| author_sort | Abhijith Kuttanamkuzhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and, therefore, is a tightly regulated process. Deregulation of apoptosis signalling can favour carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibitor 5 (Api5), an inhibitor of apoptosis, is upregulated in cancers. Interestingly, Api5 is shown to regulate both apoptosis and cell proliferation. To address the precise functional significance of Api5 in carcinogenesis here we investigate the role of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. Methods Initially, we carried out in silico analyses using TCGA and GENT2 datasets to understand expression pattern of API5 in breast cancer patients followed by investigating the protein expression in Indian breast cancer patient samples. To investigate the functional importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis, we utilised MCF10A 3D breast acinar cultures and spheroid cultures of malignant breast cells with altered Api5 expression. Various phenotypic and molecular changes induced by altered Api5 expression were studied using these 3D culture models. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity studies were used to confirm the importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. Results In-silico analysis revealed elevated levels of Api5 transcript in breast cancer patients which correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of Api5 in non-tumorigenic breast acinar cultures resulted in increased proliferation and cells exhibited a partial EMT-like phenotype with higher migratory potential and disruption in cell polarity. Furthermore, during acini development, the influence of Api5 is mediated via the combined action of FGF2 activated PDK1-Akt/cMYC signalling and Ras-ERK pathways. Conversely, Api5 knock-down downregulated FGF2 signalling leading to reduced proliferation and diminished in vivo tumorigenic potential of the breast cancer cells. Conclusion Taken together, our study identifies Api5 as a central player involved in regulating multiple events during breast carcinogenesis including proliferation, and apoptosis through deregulation of FGF2 signalling pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:09:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de7ea47271424580b8af733017169a81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-de7ea47271424580b8af733017169a812023-04-30T11:18:56ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072023-04-0123111710.1186/s12885-023-10866-7Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesisAbhijith Kuttanamkuzhi0Debiprasad Panda1Radhika Malaviya2Gautami Gaidhani3Mayurika Lahiri4Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchDepartment of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchDepartment of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchDepartment of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchDepartment of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchAbstract Background Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and, therefore, is a tightly regulated process. Deregulation of apoptosis signalling can favour carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibitor 5 (Api5), an inhibitor of apoptosis, is upregulated in cancers. Interestingly, Api5 is shown to regulate both apoptosis and cell proliferation. To address the precise functional significance of Api5 in carcinogenesis here we investigate the role of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. Methods Initially, we carried out in silico analyses using TCGA and GENT2 datasets to understand expression pattern of API5 in breast cancer patients followed by investigating the protein expression in Indian breast cancer patient samples. To investigate the functional importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis, we utilised MCF10A 3D breast acinar cultures and spheroid cultures of malignant breast cells with altered Api5 expression. Various phenotypic and molecular changes induced by altered Api5 expression were studied using these 3D culture models. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity studies were used to confirm the importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. Results In-silico analysis revealed elevated levels of Api5 transcript in breast cancer patients which correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of Api5 in non-tumorigenic breast acinar cultures resulted in increased proliferation and cells exhibited a partial EMT-like phenotype with higher migratory potential and disruption in cell polarity. Furthermore, during acini development, the influence of Api5 is mediated via the combined action of FGF2 activated PDK1-Akt/cMYC signalling and Ras-ERK pathways. Conversely, Api5 knock-down downregulated FGF2 signalling leading to reduced proliferation and diminished in vivo tumorigenic potential of the breast cancer cells. Conclusion Taken together, our study identifies Api5 as a central player involved in regulating multiple events during breast carcinogenesis including proliferation, and apoptosis through deregulation of FGF2 signalling pathway.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10866-7Breast cancerApoptosisApi5FGF2TransformationProliferation |
| spellingShingle | Abhijith Kuttanamkuzhi Debiprasad Panda Radhika Malaviya Gautami Gaidhani Mayurika Lahiri Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis BMC Cancer Breast cancer Apoptosis Api5 FGF2 Transformation Proliferation |
| title | Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis |
| title_full | Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis |
| title_fullStr | Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis |
| title_short | Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis |
| title_sort | altered expression of anti apoptotic protein api5 affects breast tumorigenesis |
| topic | Breast cancer Apoptosis Api5 FGF2 Transformation Proliferation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10866-7 |
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