Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI
The first wave of the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm) in Milwaukee, WI has been recognized as the largest reported regional outbreak in the United States. The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of this large first wave outbreak from April 28th 2009–July 25th 2009, studied using both p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2010-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/4/782/ |
| _version_ | 1818211470756806656 |
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| author | Swati Kumar Michael J. Chusid Rodney E. Willoughby Peter L. Havens Sue C. Kehl Nathan A. Ledeboer Pippa Simpson Meredith VanDyke Elizabeth Davis Kate Gaffney Shun-Hwa Li Michael E. Bose Kelly J. Henrickson |
| author_facet | Swati Kumar Michael J. Chusid Rodney E. Willoughby Peter L. Havens Sue C. Kehl Nathan A. Ledeboer Pippa Simpson Meredith VanDyke Elizabeth Davis Kate Gaffney Shun-Hwa Li Michael E. Bose Kelly J. Henrickson |
| author_sort | Swati Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The first wave of the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm) in Milwaukee, WI has been recognized as the largest reported regional outbreak in the United States. The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of this large first wave outbreak from April 28th 2009–July 25th 2009, studied using both passive and targeted surveillance methodologies are presented. A total of 2791 individuals with H1N1pdm infection were identified; 60 % were 5–18 years old. The 5–18 year and 0–4 year age groups had high infection (1131 and 1101 per 100,000) and hospitalization (49 and 12 per 100,000) rates respectively. Non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had the highest hospitalization and infection rates. In targeted surveillance, infected patients had fever (78%), cough (80%), sore throat (38%), and vomiting or diarrhea (8%). The “influenza like illness” definition captured only 68 % of infected patients. Modeling estimates that 10.3 % of Milwaukee population was infected in the first wave and 59% were asymptomatic. The distinct epidemiologic profile of H1N1pdm infections observed in the study has direct implications for predicting the burden of infection and hospitalization in the next waves of H1N1pdm. Careful consideration of demographic predictors of infection and hospitalization with H1N1pdm will be important for effective preparedness for subsequent influenza seasons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:33:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de861f0cd8aa40d4983e468e7d12e61b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:33:01Z |
| publishDate | 2010-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-de861f0cd8aa40d4983e468e7d12e61b2022-12-22T00:36:16ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152010-03-012478279510.3390/v2040782Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WISwati KumarMichael J. ChusidRodney E. WilloughbyPeter L. HavensSue C. KehlNathan A. LedeboerPippa SimpsonMeredith VanDykeElizabeth DavisKate GaffneyShun-Hwa LiMichael E. BoseKelly J. HenricksonThe first wave of the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm) in Milwaukee, WI has been recognized as the largest reported regional outbreak in the United States. The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of this large first wave outbreak from April 28th 2009–July 25th 2009, studied using both passive and targeted surveillance methodologies are presented. A total of 2791 individuals with H1N1pdm infection were identified; 60 % were 5–18 years old. The 5–18 year and 0–4 year age groups had high infection (1131 and 1101 per 100,000) and hospitalization (49 and 12 per 100,000) rates respectively. Non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had the highest hospitalization and infection rates. In targeted surveillance, infected patients had fever (78%), cough (80%), sore throat (38%), and vomiting or diarrhea (8%). The “influenza like illness” definition captured only 68 % of infected patients. Modeling estimates that 10.3 % of Milwaukee population was infected in the first wave and 59% were asymptomatic. The distinct epidemiologic profile of H1N1pdm infections observed in the study has direct implications for predicting the burden of infection and hospitalization in the next waves of H1N1pdm. Careful consideration of demographic predictors of infection and hospitalization with H1N1pdm will be important for effective preparedness for subsequent influenza seasons.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/4/782/influenzapandemicH1N1 |
| spellingShingle | Swati Kumar Michael J. Chusid Rodney E. Willoughby Peter L. Havens Sue C. Kehl Nathan A. Ledeboer Pippa Simpson Meredith VanDyke Elizabeth Davis Kate Gaffney Shun-Hwa Li Michael E. Bose Kelly J. Henrickson Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI Viruses influenza pandemic H1N1 |
| title | Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI |
| title_full | Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI |
| title_short | Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI |
| title_sort | epidemiologic observations from passive and targeted surveillance during the first wave of the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic in milwaukee wi |
| topic | influenza pandemic H1N1 |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/4/782/ |
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