Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an alpha globulin glycoprotein, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. The clinical significance of AAT is highlighted by AAT deficiency. Genetic deficiency of AAT can present as several neutrophilic diseases associated with emphysema, liver cir...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://e-apem.org/upload/pdf/apem-2018-23-3-131.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811272116913307648 |
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| author | Minsun Kim Qing Cai Youngman Oh |
| author_facet | Minsun Kim Qing Cai Youngman Oh |
| author_sort | Minsun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an alpha globulin glycoprotein, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. The clinical significance of AAT is highlighted by AAT deficiency. Genetic deficiency of AAT can present as several neutrophilic diseases associated with emphysema, liver cirrhosis, panniculitis, and systemic vasculitis. Recently, animal and human studies have shown that AAT can control inflammatory, immunological, and tissue-protective responses. In addition, AAT treatment can prevent overt hyperglycemia, increase insulin secretion, and reduce cytokine-mediated apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. These multifunctional roles of AAT draw attention to the glycoprotein’s therapeutic potential for many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases beyond AAT deficiency. As underlying mechanisms, recent studies have suggested the importance of serine protease inhibitory activity of AAT in obesity-associated insulin resistance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. In this review, we explore the multiple functions of AAT, in particular, the anti-inflammatory and serine protease inhibitory functions, and AAT’s therapeutic potential in a variety of human diseases through published literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:34:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de888bddd8474d5ebc559a58e04dbbe0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2287-1012 2287-1292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:34:28Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-de888bddd8474d5ebc559a58e04dbbe02022-12-22T03:13:54ZengKorean Society of Pediatric EndocrinologyAnnals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism2287-10122287-12922018-09-0123313113510.6065/apem.2018.23.3.131746Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human diseaseMinsun Kim0Qing Cai1Youngman Oh2 Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAAlpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an alpha globulin glycoprotein, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. The clinical significance of AAT is highlighted by AAT deficiency. Genetic deficiency of AAT can present as several neutrophilic diseases associated with emphysema, liver cirrhosis, panniculitis, and systemic vasculitis. Recently, animal and human studies have shown that AAT can control inflammatory, immunological, and tissue-protective responses. In addition, AAT treatment can prevent overt hyperglycemia, increase insulin secretion, and reduce cytokine-mediated apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. These multifunctional roles of AAT draw attention to the glycoprotein’s therapeutic potential for many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases beyond AAT deficiency. As underlying mechanisms, recent studies have suggested the importance of serine protease inhibitory activity of AAT in obesity-associated insulin resistance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. In this review, we explore the multiple functions of AAT, in particular, the anti-inflammatory and serine protease inhibitory functions, and AAT’s therapeutic potential in a variety of human diseases through published literature.http://e-apem.org/upload/pdf/apem-2018-23-3-131.pdfAlpha 1-antitrypsinTherapeutic usesChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDiabetes mellitus |
| spellingShingle | Minsun Kim Qing Cai Youngman Oh Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism Alpha 1-antitrypsin Therapeutic uses Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Diabetes mellitus |
| title | Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease |
| title_full | Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease |
| title_fullStr | Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease |
| title_short | Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease |
| title_sort | therapeutic potential of alpha 1 antitrypsin in human disease |
| topic | Alpha 1-antitrypsin Therapeutic uses Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Diabetes mellitus |
| url | http://e-apem.org/upload/pdf/apem-2018-23-3-131.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minsunkim therapeuticpotentialofalpha1antitrypsininhumandisease AT qingcai therapeuticpotentialofalpha1antitrypsininhumandisease AT youngmanoh therapeuticpotentialofalpha1antitrypsininhumandisease |