Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action
Neuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the importance of NA-based immunity, current vaccines are focused on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein as the target for protec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/200 |
| _version_ | 1827621369306677248 |
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| author | Nada Abbadi Jarrod J. Mousa |
| author_facet | Nada Abbadi Jarrod J. Mousa |
| author_sort | Nada Abbadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the importance of NA-based immunity, current vaccines are focused on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein as the target for protective antibodies, and the amount of NA is not standardized in virion-based vaccines. Antibodies targeting NA are predominantly protective, reducing infection severity and viral shedding. Recently, NA-specific monoclonal antibodies have been characterized, and their target epitopes have been identified. This review summarizes the characteristics of NA, NA-specific antibodies, the mechanism of NA inhibition, and the recent efforts towards developing NA-based and NA-incorporating influenza vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-de99ff1368414d0fabb1227295e097d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-de99ff1368414d0fabb1227295e097d02023-12-01T01:12:43ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-01-0115120010.3390/v15010200Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of ActionNada Abbadi0Jarrod J. Mousa1Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USACenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANeuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the importance of NA-based immunity, current vaccines are focused on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein as the target for protective antibodies, and the amount of NA is not standardized in virion-based vaccines. Antibodies targeting NA are predominantly protective, reducing infection severity and viral shedding. Recently, NA-specific monoclonal antibodies have been characterized, and their target epitopes have been identified. This review summarizes the characteristics of NA, NA-specific antibodies, the mechanism of NA inhibition, and the recent efforts towards developing NA-based and NA-incorporating influenza vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/200influenzaneuraminidaseuniversal influenza vaccineantibodiesmonoclonal antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Nada Abbadi Jarrod J. Mousa Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action Viruses influenza neuraminidase universal influenza vaccine antibodies monoclonal antibodies |
| title | Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action |
| title_full | Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action |
| title_fullStr | Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action |
| title_full_unstemmed | Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action |
| title_short | Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action |
| title_sort | broadly protective neuraminidase based influenza vaccines and monoclonal antibodies target epitopes and mechanisms of action |
| topic | influenza neuraminidase universal influenza vaccine antibodies monoclonal antibodies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/200 |
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