Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions
Laccase activity reduction in the chestnut blight fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> usually accompanies the hypovirulence caused by the infection of fungus with <i>Cryphonectria hypovirus 1</i> (CHV1). However, the different methods utilized for assessing this phenomenon...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/958 |
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| author | Lucija Nuskern Mirta Tkalec Bruno Srezović Marin Ježić Martina Gačar Mirna Ćurković-Perica |
| author_facet | Lucija Nuskern Mirta Tkalec Bruno Srezović Marin Ježić Martina Gačar Mirna Ćurković-Perica |
| author_sort | Lucija Nuskern |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laccase activity reduction in the chestnut blight fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> usually accompanies the hypovirulence caused by the infection of fungus with <i>Cryphonectria hypovirus 1</i> (CHV1). However, the different methods utilized for assessing this phenomenon has produced varied and often conflicting results. Furthermore, the majority of experimental setups included only one prototypic system, further confounding the results. Considering the diversity of fungal isolates, viral strains, and variability of their effects on the phytopathogenic process observed in nature, our goal was to ascertain if laccase activity variability is affected by (1) different <i>C. parasitica</i> isolates infected with several CHV1 strains, and (2) growth conditions. We have demonstrated that some CHV1 strains, contrary to previous assumptions, increase the activity of <i>C. parasitica</i> laccases. The specific fungal isolates used in the experiments and culture conditions also affected the results. Furthermore, we showed that two commonly used laccase substrates, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,4-dimethoxyphenol, cannot be used interchangeably in <i>C. parasitica</i> laccase activity measurements. Our results illustrate the importance of conducting this type of study in experimental systems and culture conditions that resemble natural conditions as much as possible to be able to infer the most relevant conclusions applicable to natural populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:36:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dea840ab6b5649a0b09e5d27cc2c4023 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:36:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-dea840ab6b5649a0b09e5d27cc2c40232023-12-03T13:28:06ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-11-0171195810.3390/jof7110958Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic InteractionsLucija Nuskern0Mirta Tkalec1Bruno Srezović2Marin Ježić3Martina Gačar4Mirna Ćurković-Perica5Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Division of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaccase activity reduction in the chestnut blight fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> usually accompanies the hypovirulence caused by the infection of fungus with <i>Cryphonectria hypovirus 1</i> (CHV1). However, the different methods utilized for assessing this phenomenon has produced varied and often conflicting results. Furthermore, the majority of experimental setups included only one prototypic system, further confounding the results. Considering the diversity of fungal isolates, viral strains, and variability of their effects on the phytopathogenic process observed in nature, our goal was to ascertain if laccase activity variability is affected by (1) different <i>C. parasitica</i> isolates infected with several CHV1 strains, and (2) growth conditions. We have demonstrated that some CHV1 strains, contrary to previous assumptions, increase the activity of <i>C. parasitica</i> laccases. The specific fungal isolates used in the experiments and culture conditions also affected the results. Furthermore, we showed that two commonly used laccase substrates, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,4-dimethoxyphenol, cannot be used interchangeably in <i>C. parasitica</i> laccase activity measurements. Our results illustrate the importance of conducting this type of study in experimental systems and culture conditions that resemble natural conditions as much as possible to be able to infer the most relevant conclusions applicable to natural populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/958chestnut blight<i>Cryphonectria hypovirus 1</i>virus effect |
| spellingShingle | Lucija Nuskern Mirta Tkalec Bruno Srezović Marin Ježić Martina Gačar Mirna Ćurković-Perica Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions Journal of Fungi chestnut blight <i>Cryphonectria hypovirus 1</i> virus effect |
| title | Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions |
| title_full | Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions |
| title_short | Laccase Activity in Fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions |
| title_sort | laccase activity in fungus i cryphonectria parasitica i is affected by growth conditions and fungal viral genotypic interactions |
| topic | chestnut blight <i>Cryphonectria hypovirus 1</i> virus effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/958 |
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