Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan
From 17 to 22 July 2021, the “21·7” extreme rainfall event (“21·7” ERE) hit Henan Province, breaking the record for mainland China with a maximum hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm at the Zhengzhou station. The long-lived (20 h) mesoscale Huang-Huai vortex (HHV) was an important system that directly affect...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/280 |
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| author | Lan Xu Tao Chen Juanjuan Liu Shenming Fu Wei Cheng Hongbo Liu Bing Lu Yujun He Shujun Zhu Yiran Liu Xiao Shen Bin Wang |
| author_facet | Lan Xu Tao Chen Juanjuan Liu Shenming Fu Wei Cheng Hongbo Liu Bing Lu Yujun He Shujun Zhu Yiran Liu Xiao Shen Bin Wang |
| author_sort | Lan Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | From 17 to 22 July 2021, the “21·7” extreme rainfall event (“21·7” ERE) hit Henan Province, breaking the record for mainland China with a maximum hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm at the Zhengzhou station. The long-lived (20 h) mesoscale Huang-Huai vortex (HHV) was an important system that directly affected the major rainfall stage, including the extreme hourly rainfall. This study investigates the formation and development mechanism of the HHV, as well as its association with the simulation of extreme hourly rainfall through numerical simulations. The simulated rainfall and radar composite reflectivity were in good agreement with the observations, thus effectively reproducing the generation and developmental process of the HHV. The analysis results showed that the HHV initially formed at 850 hPa on 19 July at 1800 UTC and eventually developed to 550 hPa. The positive feedback formed by the horizontal convergence and vertical vorticity transport was the main mechanism leading to the generation and deepening of the HHV. The stretching effect (STR) term played an absolutely dominant role in the increase in the vorticity tendency, and it primarily originated from the coupling effect of boundary layer jets (BLJs) and synoptic-weather-system-related low-level jets (SLLJs). The accurate simulation of the HHV allowed the early rainfall to reasonably reproduce the surface cold pool near the Zhengzhou station, and then the cooperation of the SLLJs, the BLJs, and the cold pool made the simulated extreme hourly rainfall exactly close to the Zhengzhou station, but with a weaker intensity, due to the fact that the HHV moved northeastward after its formation, resulting in a narrow range of southerly flow in southern Henan, which is not conducive to convective triggering in the southerly flow. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:36:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-deac2112d238407d98bc6e6ebd69a05d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:36:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-deac2112d238407d98bc6e6ebd69a05d2024-01-26T18:17:30ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-01-0116228010.3390/rs16020280Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in HenanLan Xu0Tao Chen1Juanjuan Liu2Shenming Fu3Wei Cheng4Hongbo Liu5Bing Lu6Yujun He7Shujun Zhu8Yiran Liu9Xiao Shen10Bin Wang11State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaNational Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaInternational Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaInstitute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaFrom 17 to 22 July 2021, the “21·7” extreme rainfall event (“21·7” ERE) hit Henan Province, breaking the record for mainland China with a maximum hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm at the Zhengzhou station. The long-lived (20 h) mesoscale Huang-Huai vortex (HHV) was an important system that directly affected the major rainfall stage, including the extreme hourly rainfall. This study investigates the formation and development mechanism of the HHV, as well as its association with the simulation of extreme hourly rainfall through numerical simulations. The simulated rainfall and radar composite reflectivity were in good agreement with the observations, thus effectively reproducing the generation and developmental process of the HHV. The analysis results showed that the HHV initially formed at 850 hPa on 19 July at 1800 UTC and eventually developed to 550 hPa. The positive feedback formed by the horizontal convergence and vertical vorticity transport was the main mechanism leading to the generation and deepening of the HHV. The stretching effect (STR) term played an absolutely dominant role in the increase in the vorticity tendency, and it primarily originated from the coupling effect of boundary layer jets (BLJs) and synoptic-weather-system-related low-level jets (SLLJs). The accurate simulation of the HHV allowed the early rainfall to reasonably reproduce the surface cold pool near the Zhengzhou station, and then the cooperation of the SLLJs, the BLJs, and the cold pool made the simulated extreme hourly rainfall exactly close to the Zhengzhou station, but with a weaker intensity, due to the fact that the HHV moved northeastward after its formation, resulting in a narrow range of southerly flow in southern Henan, which is not conducive to convective triggering in the southerly flow.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/280“21·7” extreme rainfallHuang-Huai vortexmeso-α scalelow-level jetscold poolconvective cloud merger |
| spellingShingle | Lan Xu Tao Chen Juanjuan Liu Shenming Fu Wei Cheng Hongbo Liu Bing Lu Yujun He Shujun Zhu Yiran Liu Xiao Shen Bin Wang Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan Remote Sensing “21·7” extreme rainfall Huang-Huai vortex meso-α scale low-level jets cold pool convective cloud merger |
| title | Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan |
| title_full | Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan |
| title_fullStr | Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan |
| title_short | Simulation and Analysis of the Mesoscale Vortex Affecting the “21·7” Extreme Rainstorm in Henan |
| title_sort | simulation and analysis of the mesoscale vortex affecting the 21·7 extreme rainstorm in henan |
| topic | “21·7” extreme rainfall Huang-Huai vortex meso-α scale low-level jets cold pool convective cloud merger |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/280 |
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