Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception
Elaborated kettle trap flowers to temporarily detain pollinators evolved independently in several angiosperm lineages. Intensive research on species of <i>Aristolochia</i> and <i>Ceropegia</i> recently illuminated how these specialized trap flowers attract particular pollinat...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1564 |
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| author | Annemarie Heiduk Ulrich Meve Frank Menzel Jean-Paul Haenni Michael von Tschirnhaus Stefan Dötterl Steven D. Johnson |
| author_facet | Annemarie Heiduk Ulrich Meve Frank Menzel Jean-Paul Haenni Michael von Tschirnhaus Stefan Dötterl Steven D. Johnson |
| author_sort | Annemarie Heiduk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elaborated kettle trap flowers to temporarily detain pollinators evolved independently in several angiosperm lineages. Intensive research on species of <i>Aristolochia</i> and <i>Ceropegia</i> recently illuminated how these specialized trap flowers attract particular pollinators through chemical deception. Morphologically similar trap flowers evolved in <i>Riocreuxia</i>; however, no data about floral rewards, pollinators, and chemical ecology were available for this plant group. Here we provide data on pollination ecology and floral chemistry of <i>R. torulosa</i>. Specifically, we determined flower visitors and pollinators, assessed pollen transfer efficiency, and analysed floral scent chemistry. <i>R. torulosa</i> flowers are myiophilous and predominantly pollinated by Nematocera. Pollinating Diptera included, in order of decreasing abundance, male and female Sciaridae, Ceratopogonidae, Scatopsidae, Chloropidae, and Phoridae. Approximately 16% of pollen removed from flowers was successfully exported to conspecific stigmas. The flowers emitted mainly ubiquitous terpenoids, most abundantly linalool, furanoid (<i>Z</i>)-linalool oxide, and (<i>E</i>)-β-ocimene—compounds typical of rewarding flowers and fruits. <i>R. torulosa</i> can be considered to use generalized food (and possibly also brood-site) deception to lure small nematocerous Diptera into their flowers. These results suggest that <i>R. torulosa</i> has a less specific pollination system than previously reported for other kettle trap flowers but is nevertheless specialized at the level of Diptera suborder Nematocera. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:28:46Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:28:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-deb0a3406915473393eae60eb56d332f2023-11-22T09:18:12ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-07-01108156410.3390/plants10081564Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral DeceptionAnnemarie Heiduk0Ulrich Meve1Frank Menzel2Jean-Paul Haenni3Michael von Tschirnhaus4Stefan Dötterl5Steven D. Johnson6Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South AfricaDepartment of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanySenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanyEntomology, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Neuchâtel, Rue des Terreaux 14, 2000 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandFaculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, GermanyDepartment of Biosciences, Plant Ecology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaCentre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South AfricaElaborated kettle trap flowers to temporarily detain pollinators evolved independently in several angiosperm lineages. Intensive research on species of <i>Aristolochia</i> and <i>Ceropegia</i> recently illuminated how these specialized trap flowers attract particular pollinators through chemical deception. Morphologically similar trap flowers evolved in <i>Riocreuxia</i>; however, no data about floral rewards, pollinators, and chemical ecology were available for this plant group. Here we provide data on pollination ecology and floral chemistry of <i>R. torulosa</i>. Specifically, we determined flower visitors and pollinators, assessed pollen transfer efficiency, and analysed floral scent chemistry. <i>R. torulosa</i> flowers are myiophilous and predominantly pollinated by Nematocera. Pollinating Diptera included, in order of decreasing abundance, male and female Sciaridae, Ceratopogonidae, Scatopsidae, Chloropidae, and Phoridae. Approximately 16% of pollen removed from flowers was successfully exported to conspecific stigmas. The flowers emitted mainly ubiquitous terpenoids, most abundantly linalool, furanoid (<i>Z</i>)-linalool oxide, and (<i>E</i>)-β-ocimene—compounds typical of rewarding flowers and fruits. <i>R. torulosa</i> can be considered to use generalized food (and possibly also brood-site) deception to lure small nematocerous Diptera into their flowers. These results suggest that <i>R. torulosa</i> has a less specific pollination system than previously reported for other kettle trap flowers but is nevertheless specialized at the level of Diptera suborder Nematocera.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1564Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideaeelectroantennography<i>Ceropegia</i>flower scentfly pollinationgas chromatography/mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Annemarie Heiduk Ulrich Meve Frank Menzel Jean-Paul Haenni Michael von Tschirnhaus Stefan Dötterl Steven D. Johnson Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception Plants Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae electroantennography <i>Ceropegia</i> flower scent fly pollination gas chromatography/mass spectrometry |
| title | Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception |
| title_full | Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception |
| title_fullStr | Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception |
| title_short | Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of <i>Riocreuxia</i> <i>torulosa</i> (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception |
| title_sort | fly pollination of kettle trap flowers of i riocreuxia i i torulosa i ceropegieae anisotominae a generalized system of floral deception |
| topic | Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae electroantennography <i>Ceropegia</i> flower scent fly pollination gas chromatography/mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1564 |
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