Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source
Conversion of Solid waste into energy is the most resourceful process to combat landfill saturation and environmental impression. Bhutan, with an exponential rise in the waste production, Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion is an alternative solution for municipal solid waste management (MSW). The stud...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Action for Sustainable Efficacious Development and Awareness
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Environment Conservation Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journal.environcj.in/index.php/ecj/article/view/664 |
| _version_ | 1818894269544398848 |
|---|---|
| author | Yeshi Choden Tashi Tenzin Karchung K. Karma Norbu Sangay Wangmo Pema Zangmo |
| author_facet | Yeshi Choden Tashi Tenzin Karchung K. Karma Norbu Sangay Wangmo Pema Zangmo |
| author_sort | Yeshi Choden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conversion of Solid waste into energy is the most resourceful process to combat landfill saturation and environmental impression. Bhutan, with an exponential rise in the waste production, Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion is an alternative solution for municipal solid waste management (MSW). The study for MSW composition and its energy potential analysis for Memelakha (Thimphu) and Pekarshing (Phuntsholing) landfills was done to resolve the waste management challenges in the country. The standard number of samples from two dumpsites were used to analyze for the waste characterization (waste composition, proximate analysis, chemical analysis) and high heating value (HHV) of MSW. MSW of two landfills showed that the main elemental constituents were Carbon and Oxygen with 17.26% and 9.97% by mass respectively for Pekarshing and 16.52% (Carbon) and 11.07% (Oxygen) by mass for Memelakha landfill. Based on the physio-chemical analysis of MSW, the average calorific HHV of MSW obtained were 10.028 MJ/kg (26.04% of coal energy) for Pekarshing dumpsite and 9.6 MJ/kg (24.94% of coal energy) for Memelakha. The analysis showed that by the year 2050 Memelakha landfill has the potential to generate the power of 8.85 Megawatt (MW) and 1.44 Megawatt (MW) for Pekarshing. For (WTE) conversion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification technologies are found suitable based on the current composition MSW of Bhutan. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency and percentage of wastage, the gasification process was the most feasible method for WTE conversion at two locations with a waste volume reduction of 80 to 90 percent at the landfill. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T18:25:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-deb68b23adc94772a0b62bd92a9001a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-3099 2278-5124 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T18:25:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Action for Sustainable Efficacious Development and Awareness |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment Conservation Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-deb68b23adc94772a0b62bd92a9001a02022-12-21T20:10:50ZengAction for Sustainable Efficacious Development and AwarenessEnvironment Conservation Journal0972-30992278-51242021-06-01221&210.36953/ECJ.2021.221205Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers sourceYeshi Choden0Tashi Tenzin1Karchung K.2Karma Norbu 3Sangay Wangmo4Pema Zangmo5College of Science and Technology Royal University of BhutanCollege of Science and Technology Royal University of BhutanPhodrang real estate company Thimphu, BhutanCollege of science and Technology Royal university of BhutanCollege of science and Technology Royal university of BhutanCollege of science and Technology Royal university of BhutanConversion of Solid waste into energy is the most resourceful process to combat landfill saturation and environmental impression. Bhutan, with an exponential rise in the waste production, Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion is an alternative solution for municipal solid waste management (MSW). The study for MSW composition and its energy potential analysis for Memelakha (Thimphu) and Pekarshing (Phuntsholing) landfills was done to resolve the waste management challenges in the country. The standard number of samples from two dumpsites were used to analyze for the waste characterization (waste composition, proximate analysis, chemical analysis) and high heating value (HHV) of MSW. MSW of two landfills showed that the main elemental constituents were Carbon and Oxygen with 17.26% and 9.97% by mass respectively for Pekarshing and 16.52% (Carbon) and 11.07% (Oxygen) by mass for Memelakha landfill. Based on the physio-chemical analysis of MSW, the average calorific HHV of MSW obtained were 10.028 MJ/kg (26.04% of coal energy) for Pekarshing dumpsite and 9.6 MJ/kg (24.94% of coal energy) for Memelakha. The analysis showed that by the year 2050 Memelakha landfill has the potential to generate the power of 8.85 Megawatt (MW) and 1.44 Megawatt (MW) for Pekarshing. For (WTE) conversion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification technologies are found suitable based on the current composition MSW of Bhutan. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency and percentage of wastage, the gasification process was the most feasible method for WTE conversion at two locations with a waste volume reduction of 80 to 90 percent at the landfill.https://journal.environcj.in/index.php/ecj/article/view/664Chemical AnalysisCalorific ValueMunicipal Solid WasteProximate AnalysisWaste to Energy |
| spellingShingle | Yeshi Choden Tashi Tenzin Karchung K. Karma Norbu Sangay Wangmo Pema Zangmo Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source Environment Conservation Journal Chemical Analysis Calorific Value Municipal Solid Waste Proximate Analysis Waste to Energy |
| title | Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source |
| title_full | Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source |
| title_short | Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source |
| title_sort | estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source |
| topic | Chemical Analysis Calorific Value Municipal Solid Waste Proximate Analysis Waste to Energy |
| url | https://journal.environcj.in/index.php/ecj/article/view/664 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yeshichoden estimationofenergycontentinmunicipalsolidwasteofbhutananditspotentialasalternatepowerssource AT tashitenzin estimationofenergycontentinmunicipalsolidwasteofbhutananditspotentialasalternatepowerssource AT karchungk estimationofenergycontentinmunicipalsolidwasteofbhutananditspotentialasalternatepowerssource AT karmanorbu estimationofenergycontentinmunicipalsolidwasteofbhutananditspotentialasalternatepowerssource AT sangaywangmo estimationofenergycontentinmunicipalsolidwasteofbhutananditspotentialasalternatepowerssource AT pemazangmo estimationofenergycontentinmunicipalsolidwasteofbhutananditspotentialasalternatepowerssource |