Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle
When the satellite is in orbit, the thruster will experience drastic temperature changes (100–1000 K) under solar radiation, which will affect the rarefied gas flow state in the micro-nozzle structure of the cold gas micro-thruster. In this study, the effect of different wall temperatures on the rar...
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , |
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| Médium: | Článek |
| Jazyk: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Edice: | Micromachines |
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| On-line přístup: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/1/22 |
| _version_ | 1827371467288870912 |
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| author | Shurui Zhang Yong Li Xudong Wang Songcai Lu Yusong Yu Jun Yang |
| author_facet | Shurui Zhang Yong Li Xudong Wang Songcai Lu Yusong Yu Jun Yang |
| author_sort | Shurui Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | When the satellite is in orbit, the thruster will experience drastic temperature changes (100–1000 K) under solar radiation, which will affect the rarefied gas flow state in the micro-nozzle structure of the cold gas micro-thruster. In this study, the effect of different wall temperatures on the rarefied flow and heat transfer in the micro-nozzle is investigated based on the DSMC method. The micro-nozzle structure in this paper has a micro-channel with a large length-to-diameter ratio of 10 and a micro-scale needle valve displacement (maximum needle valve displacement up to 4 μm). This leads to more pronounced multiscale flow characteristics in the micro-nozzle, which is more influenced by the change in wall temperature. At wall temperatures ranging from 100 K to 1000 K, the spatial distribution of local Kn distribution, slip velocity distribution, temperature, and wall heat flux distribution in the micro-nozzle were calculated. The slip flow region is located in the flow channel and transforms into transition flow as the slip velocity reaches approximately 50 m/s. The spatial distribution of the flow pattern is dominated by the wall temperature at small needle valve opening ratios. The higher the wall temperature, the smaller the temperature drop ratio in the low-temperature region inside the micro-nozzle. The results of the study provide a reference for the design of temperature control of micro-nozzles in cold gas micro-thrusters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:40:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dec895d9bae44027bf5910e10a328350 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:40:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-dec895d9bae44027bf5910e10a3283502024-01-26T17:42:05ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-12-011512210.3390/mi15010022Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-NozzleShurui Zhang0Yong Li1Xudong Wang2Songcai Lu3Yusong Yu4Jun Yang5Hydrogen Energy and Space Propulsion Laboratory (HESPL), School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, ChinaHydrogen Energy and Space Propulsion Laboratory (HESPL), School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaChangcheng Institute of Metrology and Measurement, Beijing 100095, ChinaWhen the satellite is in orbit, the thruster will experience drastic temperature changes (100–1000 K) under solar radiation, which will affect the rarefied gas flow state in the micro-nozzle structure of the cold gas micro-thruster. In this study, the effect of different wall temperatures on the rarefied flow and heat transfer in the micro-nozzle is investigated based on the DSMC method. The micro-nozzle structure in this paper has a micro-channel with a large length-to-diameter ratio of 10 and a micro-scale needle valve displacement (maximum needle valve displacement up to 4 μm). This leads to more pronounced multiscale flow characteristics in the micro-nozzle, which is more influenced by the change in wall temperature. At wall temperatures ranging from 100 K to 1000 K, the spatial distribution of local Kn distribution, slip velocity distribution, temperature, and wall heat flux distribution in the micro-nozzle were calculated. The slip flow region is located in the flow channel and transforms into transition flow as the slip velocity reaches approximately 50 m/s. The spatial distribution of the flow pattern is dominated by the wall temperature at small needle valve opening ratios. The higher the wall temperature, the smaller the temperature drop ratio in the low-temperature region inside the micro-nozzle. The results of the study provide a reference for the design of temperature control of micro-nozzles in cold gas micro-thrusters.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/1/22cold gas micro-nozzlerarefied flowDSMC methodneedle valve opening ratiolarge length-to-diameter ratiomicro-channel |
| spellingShingle | Shurui Zhang Yong Li Xudong Wang Songcai Lu Yusong Yu Jun Yang Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle Micromachines cold gas micro-nozzle rarefied flow DSMC method needle valve opening ratio large length-to-diameter ratio micro-channel |
| title | Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle |
| title_full | Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle |
| title_short | Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle |
| title_sort | effects of the wall temperature on rarefied gas flows and heat transfer in a micro nozzle |
| topic | cold gas micro-nozzle rarefied flow DSMC method needle valve opening ratio large length-to-diameter ratio micro-channel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/1/22 |
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