E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems
With its unique computer paradigm, the Ising annealing machine has become an emerging research direction. The Ising annealing system is highly effective at addressing combinatorial optimization (CO) problems that are difficult for conventional computers to tackle. However, Ising spins, which compris...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/2/258 |
| _version_ | 1797619267580985344 |
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| author | Wenhan Chen Haodi Tang Yu Wang Xianwu Hu Yuming Lin Tai Min Yufeng Xie |
| author_facet | Wenhan Chen Haodi Tang Yu Wang Xianwu Hu Yuming Lin Tai Min Yufeng Xie |
| author_sort | Wenhan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With its unique computer paradigm, the Ising annealing machine has become an emerging research direction. The Ising annealing system is highly effective at addressing combinatorial optimization (CO) problems that are difficult for conventional computers to tackle. However, Ising spins, which comprise the Ising system, are difficult to implement in high-performance physical circuits. We propose a novel type of Ising spin based on an electrically-controlled magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Electrical operation imparts true randomness, great stability, precise control, compact size, and easy integration to the MTJ-based spin. In addition, simulations demonstrate that the frequency of electrically-controlled stochastic Ising spin (E-spin) is 50 times that of the thermal disturbance MTJ-based spin (p-bit). To develop a large-scale Ising annealing system, up to 64 E-spins are implemented. Our Ising annealing system demonstrates factorization of integers up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>64</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with a temporal complexity of around <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msqrt><mi>n</mi></msqrt></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The proposed E-spin shows superiority in constructing large-scale Ising annealing systems and solving CO problems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-decb013805f3422f9696a5207ec6fbb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-decb013805f3422f9696a5207ec6fbb22023-11-16T22:09:43ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-01-0114225810.3390/mi14020258E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing SystemsWenhan Chen0Haodi Tang1Yu Wang2Xianwu Hu3Yuming Lin4Tai Min5Yufeng Xie6State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCenter for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, ChinaWith its unique computer paradigm, the Ising annealing machine has become an emerging research direction. The Ising annealing system is highly effective at addressing combinatorial optimization (CO) problems that are difficult for conventional computers to tackle. However, Ising spins, which comprise the Ising system, are difficult to implement in high-performance physical circuits. We propose a novel type of Ising spin based on an electrically-controlled magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Electrical operation imparts true randomness, great stability, precise control, compact size, and easy integration to the MTJ-based spin. In addition, simulations demonstrate that the frequency of electrically-controlled stochastic Ising spin (E-spin) is 50 times that of the thermal disturbance MTJ-based spin (p-bit). To develop a large-scale Ising annealing system, up to 64 E-spins are implemented. Our Ising annealing system demonstrates factorization of integers up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>64</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with a temporal complexity of around <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msqrt><mi>n</mi></msqrt></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The proposed E-spin shows superiority in constructing large-scale Ising annealing systems and solving CO problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/2/258spintronicsspin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJ)Ising annealing systemcombinatorial optimization problem |
| spellingShingle | Wenhan Chen Haodi Tang Yu Wang Xianwu Hu Yuming Lin Tai Min Yufeng Xie E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems Micromachines spintronics spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJ) Ising annealing system combinatorial optimization problem |
| title | E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems |
| title_full | E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems |
| title_fullStr | E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems |
| title_short | E-Spin: A Stochastic Ising Spin Based on Electrically-Controlled MTJ for Constructing Large-Scale Ising Annealing Systems |
| title_sort | e spin a stochastic ising spin based on electrically controlled mtj for constructing large scale ising annealing systems |
| topic | spintronics spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJ) Ising annealing system combinatorial optimization problem |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/2/258 |
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