Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease
ABSTRACT: Objective: One-hundred percent perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) is a water-free, preservative-free eye drop approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of dry eye disease. PFHO has shown relief of dry eye signs and symptoms in clinical trials and has pot...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Current Therapeutic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X23000140 |
| _version_ | 1797799110875545600 |
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| author | Neal Stolowich, Ph.D. Jason Vittitow, Ph.D. Robert Kissling, M.D. Douglas Borchman, Ph.D. |
| author_facet | Neal Stolowich, Ph.D. Jason Vittitow, Ph.D. Robert Kissling, M.D. Douglas Borchman, Ph.D. |
| author_sort | Neal Stolowich, Ph.D. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Objective: One-hundred percent perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) is a water-free, preservative-free eye drop approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of dry eye disease. PFHO has shown relief of dry eye signs and symptoms in clinical trials and has potent antievaporative action in vitro. The objective of this study was to measure the level of oxygen in PFHO. Methods: T1 relaxation times (time taken for proton spins to translate from a random alignment to an alignment with the main magnetic field) for fluorine-19 in perfluorohexyloctane were measured using fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The level of oxygen was interpolated from published data. Results: The hydrogen-1 and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of PFHO were well resolved and the resonance assignments and intensities were as expected. The T1 values calculated for the CF3 group resonance in the current study was 0.901 seconds and 1.12 seconds at 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. The T1 values for the CF2 group resonances increased by 17% to 24% with an increase in temperature from 25 °C to 37 °C. The mean (SD) partial pressure of oxygen in PFHO was calculated to be 257 (36) mm Hg and 270 (38) mm Hg at 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Conclusions: The current study confirms that PFHO contains a significant amount of oxygen, more so than that calculated for tears in equilibrium with air. Once instilled on the eye, PFHO is not expected to be a barrier to the oxygen necessary for a healthy cornea and may in fact deliver nonreactive oxygen to the cornea to facilitate healing in patients with dry eye disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:15:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ded10b4e5a2a43649db782e8f3ee55b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0011-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:15:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Therapeutic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-ded10b4e5a2a43649db782e8f3ee55b22023-06-21T06:50:46ZengElsevierCurrent Therapeutic Research0011-393X2023-01-0198100705Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye DiseaseNeal Stolowich, Ph.D.0Jason Vittitow, Ph.D.1Robert Kissling, M.D.2Douglas Borchman, Ph.D.3Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KentuckyClinical Affairs, Bausch + Lomb, Bridgewater, New JerseyMedical Affairs, Bausch + Lomb, Bridgewater, New JerseyDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Address correspondence to: Douglas Borchman, Ph.D., Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Louisville, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202.ABSTRACT: Objective: One-hundred percent perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) is a water-free, preservative-free eye drop approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of dry eye disease. PFHO has shown relief of dry eye signs and symptoms in clinical trials and has potent antievaporative action in vitro. The objective of this study was to measure the level of oxygen in PFHO. Methods: T1 relaxation times (time taken for proton spins to translate from a random alignment to an alignment with the main magnetic field) for fluorine-19 in perfluorohexyloctane were measured using fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The level of oxygen was interpolated from published data. Results: The hydrogen-1 and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of PFHO were well resolved and the resonance assignments and intensities were as expected. The T1 values calculated for the CF3 group resonance in the current study was 0.901 seconds and 1.12 seconds at 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. The T1 values for the CF2 group resonances increased by 17% to 24% with an increase in temperature from 25 °C to 37 °C. The mean (SD) partial pressure of oxygen in PFHO was calculated to be 257 (36) mm Hg and 270 (38) mm Hg at 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Conclusions: The current study confirms that PFHO contains a significant amount of oxygen, more so than that calculated for tears in equilibrium with air. Once instilled on the eye, PFHO is not expected to be a barrier to the oxygen necessary for a healthy cornea and may in fact deliver nonreactive oxygen to the cornea to facilitate healing in patients with dry eye disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X23000140CorneaDry eyeEye dropNMROxygenPerfluorhexyloctane |
| spellingShingle | Neal Stolowich, Ph.D. Jason Vittitow, Ph.D. Robert Kissling, M.D. Douglas Borchman, Ph.D. Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease Current Therapeutic Research Cornea Dry eye Eye drop NMR Oxygen Perfluorhexyloctane |
| title | Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full | Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease |
| title_fullStr | Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease |
| title_short | Oxygen-Carrying Capacity of Perfluorohexyloctane, a Novel Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease |
| title_sort | oxygen carrying capacity of perfluorohexyloctane a novel eye drop for dry eye disease |
| topic | Cornea Dry eye Eye drop NMR Oxygen Perfluorhexyloctane |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X23000140 |
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