Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management
Like other sensory systems, olfactory function deteriorates with age. Epidemiological studies have revealed that the incidence of olfactory dysfunction increases at the age of 60 and older and males are more affected than females. Moreover, smoking, heavy alcohol use, sinonasal diseases, and Down’s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00208/full |
| _version_ | 1818417239736451072 |
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| author | Kenji Kondo Shu Kikuta Rumi Ueha Keigo Suzukawa Tatsuya Yamasoba |
| author_facet | Kenji Kondo Shu Kikuta Rumi Ueha Keigo Suzukawa Tatsuya Yamasoba |
| author_sort | Kenji Kondo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Like other sensory systems, olfactory function deteriorates with age. Epidemiological studies have revealed that the incidence of olfactory dysfunction increases at the age of 60 and older and males are more affected than females. Moreover, smoking, heavy alcohol use, sinonasal diseases, and Down’s syndrome are associated with an increased incidence of olfactory dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of olfactory dysfunction in humans remains largely unknown, studies in laboratory animals have demonstrated that both the peripheral and central olfactory nervous systems are affected by aging. Aged olfactory neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity shows the loss of mature olfactory neurons, replacement of olfactory neuroepithelium by respiratory epithelium, and a decrease in basal cell proliferation both in the normal state and after injury. In the central olfactory pathway, a decrease in the turnover of interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) and reduced activity in the olfactory cortex under olfactory stimulation is observed. Recently, the association between olfactory impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), has gained attention. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy to suppress or improve age-related olfactory dysfunction has not yet been established, but preliminary results suggest that olfactory training using odorants may be useful to improve some aspects of age-related olfactory impairment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:03:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ded2edf268b141f0a1cf4c28f1a73b9d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:03:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-ded2edf268b141f0a1cf4c28f1a73b9d2022-12-21T23:01:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652020-07-011210.3389/fnagi.2020.00208557557Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical ManagementKenji KondoShu KikutaRumi UehaKeigo SuzukawaTatsuya YamasobaLike other sensory systems, olfactory function deteriorates with age. Epidemiological studies have revealed that the incidence of olfactory dysfunction increases at the age of 60 and older and males are more affected than females. Moreover, smoking, heavy alcohol use, sinonasal diseases, and Down’s syndrome are associated with an increased incidence of olfactory dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of olfactory dysfunction in humans remains largely unknown, studies in laboratory animals have demonstrated that both the peripheral and central olfactory nervous systems are affected by aging. Aged olfactory neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity shows the loss of mature olfactory neurons, replacement of olfactory neuroepithelium by respiratory epithelium, and a decrease in basal cell proliferation both in the normal state and after injury. In the central olfactory pathway, a decrease in the turnover of interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) and reduced activity in the olfactory cortex under olfactory stimulation is observed. Recently, the association between olfactory impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), has gained attention. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy to suppress or improve age-related olfactory dysfunction has not yet been established, but preliminary results suggest that olfactory training using odorants may be useful to improve some aspects of age-related olfactory impairment.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00208/fullagingolfactory receptor neuronsbasal cellsregenerationolfactory bulbolfactory cortex |
| spellingShingle | Kenji Kondo Shu Kikuta Rumi Ueha Keigo Suzukawa Tatsuya Yamasoba Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience aging olfactory receptor neurons basal cells regeneration olfactory bulb olfactory cortex |
| title | Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management |
| title_full | Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management |
| title_fullStr | Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management |
| title_short | Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management |
| title_sort | age related olfactory dysfunction epidemiology pathophysiology and clinical management |
| topic | aging olfactory receptor neurons basal cells regeneration olfactory bulb olfactory cortex |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00208/full |
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