Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis
Background: The incidence of incomplete facial paralysis is now relatively higher in clinical practice, and surgical intervention is still desirable for patients with significant facial paralysis. However, the importance and usefulness of the remaining and/or spontaneously regenerated facial axons f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.00413/full |
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| author | Yuan Zhuang Yuan Zhuang Miao Ling Miao Ling Zhen Li Zhen Li Dezhi Li Dezhi Li Hong Wan Hong Wan Michael Schumacher Song Liu Song Liu Song Liu Song Liu |
| author_facet | Yuan Zhuang Yuan Zhuang Miao Ling Miao Ling Zhen Li Zhen Li Dezhi Li Dezhi Li Hong Wan Hong Wan Michael Schumacher Song Liu Song Liu Song Liu Song Liu |
| author_sort | Yuan Zhuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The incidence of incomplete facial paralysis is now relatively higher in clinical practice, and surgical intervention is still desirable for patients with significant facial paralysis. However, the importance and usefulness of the remaining and/or spontaneously regenerated facial axons for regaining facial function when using hypoglossal–facial nerve (HN-FN) neurorrhaphy or other nerve-transferring methods to treat facial paralysis remain controversial.Objective: We designed a rat FN injury model with preservation of the anatomical structure followed by HN-FN side-to-side neurorrhaphy to investigate the effects of the remaining and/or spontaneously regenerated FN axons on restoration of facial function.Methods: After the evident return of facial function in 3 months following FN injury and HN-FN side-to-side neurorrhaphy, the FN was cross-sectioned again according to different ratios (0, 30, 70, and 100%) at the site rostral to the initial FN injury to retain, partially abolish, or completely abolish the spontaneously regenerated FN axons that had successfully reinnervated the paralyzed facial muscles. Then, FN function was assessed using clinical evaluation methods and electrophysiological examinations, as well as retrograde labeling and axonal counting assessments of the reconstructed nerve pathways.Results: The evaluations show that the remaining facial axons not only influenced the extent of regained function, such as facial symmetry, eye blinking activity, and vibrissae motion, but also had an impact on regeneration and innervation of hypoglossal motoneurons.Conclusion: Participation of remaining or spontaneously regenerated facial axons plays an important role in innervating paralyzed facial muscles by both facial and hypoglossal motoneurons, thus, reestablishing facial function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:56:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dedc21c626904f5e9688a16f87332ce2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:56:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-dedc21c626904f5e9688a16f87332ce22022-12-22T01:37:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952020-05-011110.3389/fneur.2020.00413493509Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial ParalysisYuan Zhuang0Yuan Zhuang1Miao Ling2Miao Ling3Zhen Li4Zhen Li5Dezhi Li6Dezhi Li7Hong Wan8Hong Wan9Michael Schumacher10Song Liu11Song Liu12Song Liu13Song Liu14Department of Injury and Repair, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Injury and Repair, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Injury and Repair, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Injury and Repair, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaU1195, INSERM et Universite Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceDepartment of Injury and Repair, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaU1195, INSERM et Universite Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceBackground: The incidence of incomplete facial paralysis is now relatively higher in clinical practice, and surgical intervention is still desirable for patients with significant facial paralysis. However, the importance and usefulness of the remaining and/or spontaneously regenerated facial axons for regaining facial function when using hypoglossal–facial nerve (HN-FN) neurorrhaphy or other nerve-transferring methods to treat facial paralysis remain controversial.Objective: We designed a rat FN injury model with preservation of the anatomical structure followed by HN-FN side-to-side neurorrhaphy to investigate the effects of the remaining and/or spontaneously regenerated FN axons on restoration of facial function.Methods: After the evident return of facial function in 3 months following FN injury and HN-FN side-to-side neurorrhaphy, the FN was cross-sectioned again according to different ratios (0, 30, 70, and 100%) at the site rostral to the initial FN injury to retain, partially abolish, or completely abolish the spontaneously regenerated FN axons that had successfully reinnervated the paralyzed facial muscles. Then, FN function was assessed using clinical evaluation methods and electrophysiological examinations, as well as retrograde labeling and axonal counting assessments of the reconstructed nerve pathways.Results: The evaluations show that the remaining facial axons not only influenced the extent of regained function, such as facial symmetry, eye blinking activity, and vibrissae motion, but also had an impact on regeneration and innervation of hypoglossal motoneurons.Conclusion: Participation of remaining or spontaneously regenerated facial axons plays an important role in innervating paralyzed facial muscles by both facial and hypoglossal motoneurons, thus, reestablishing facial function.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.00413/fullfacial nerve injuryhypoglossal nerveinnervationneurorrhaphynerve regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Zhuang Yuan Zhuang Miao Ling Miao Ling Zhen Li Zhen Li Dezhi Li Dezhi Li Hong Wan Hong Wan Michael Schumacher Song Liu Song Liu Song Liu Song Liu Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis Frontiers in Neurology facial nerve injury hypoglossal nerve innervation neurorrhaphy nerve regeneration |
| title | Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis |
| title_full | Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis |
| title_short | Effects of the Remaining and/or Spontaneously Regenerated Facial Axons After Hypoglossal–Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis |
| title_sort | effects of the remaining and or spontaneously regenerated facial axons after hypoglossal facial nerve neurorrhaphy for facial paralysis |
| topic | facial nerve injury hypoglossal nerve innervation neurorrhaphy nerve regeneration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.00413/full |
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