UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism
UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) generates essential precursors of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, however mechanisms regulating its activity are unclear. We used enzyme histostaining and quantitative image analysis to test whether cytokines that stimulate HA synthesis upregulate UGDH activity. Fibr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477357/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1798032728585666560 |
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| author | Ramya Chandrasekaran Colleen Mathieu Rishi Sheth Alexandre P. Cheng David Fong Robert McCormack Hani El-Gabalawy Suman Alishetty Mikell Paige Caroline D. Hoemann |
| author_facet | Ramya Chandrasekaran Colleen Mathieu Rishi Sheth Alexandre P. Cheng David Fong Robert McCormack Hani El-Gabalawy Suman Alishetty Mikell Paige Caroline D. Hoemann |
| author_sort | Ramya Chandrasekaran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) generates essential precursors of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, however mechanisms regulating its activity are unclear. We used enzyme histostaining and quantitative image analysis to test whether cytokines that stimulate HA synthesis upregulate UGDH activity. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS, from N = 6 human donors with knee pain) were cultured, freeze-thawed, and incubated for 1 hour with UDP-glucose, NAD+ and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) which allows UGDH to generate NADH, and NADH to reduce NBT to a blue stain. Compared to serum-free medium, FLS treated with PDGF showed 3-fold higher UGDH activity and 6-fold higher HA release, but IL-1beta/TGF-beta1 induced 27-fold higher HA release without enhancing UGDH activity. In selected proliferating cells, UGDH activity was lost in the cytosol, but preserved in the nucleus. Cell-free assays led us to discover that diaphorase, a cytosolic enzyme, or glutathione reductase, a nuclear enzyme, was necessary and sufficient for NADH to reduce NBT to a blue formazan dye in a 1-hour timeframe. Primary synovial fibroblasts and transformed A549 fibroblasts showed constitutive diaphorase/GR staining activity that varied according to supplied NADH levels, with relatively stronger UGDH and diaphorase activity in A549 cells. Unilateral knee injury in New Zealand White rabbits (N = 3) stimulated a coordinated increase in synovial membrane UGDH and diaphorase activity, but higher synovial fluid HA in only 2 out of 3 injured joints. UGDH activity (but not diaphorase) was abolished by N-ethyl maleimide, and inhibited by peroxide or UDP-xylose. Our results do not support the hypothesis that UGDH is a rate-liming enzyme for HA synthesis under catabolic inflammatory conditions that can oxidize and inactivate the UGDH active site cysteine. Our novel data suggest a model where UGDH activity is controlled by a redox switch, where intracellular peroxide inactivates, and high glutathione and diaphorase promote UGDH activity by maintaining the active site cysteine in a reduced state, and by recycling NAD+ from NADH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:18:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dedddb3ec2f44be299aa315e0cf588fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:18:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-dedddb3ec2f44be299aa315e0cf588fc2022-12-22T04:04:53ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01179UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanismRamya ChandrasekaranColleen MathieuRishi ShethAlexandre P. ChengDavid FongRobert McCormackHani El-GabalawySuman AlishettyMikell PaigeCaroline D. HoemannUDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) generates essential precursors of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, however mechanisms regulating its activity are unclear. We used enzyme histostaining and quantitative image analysis to test whether cytokines that stimulate HA synthesis upregulate UGDH activity. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS, from N = 6 human donors with knee pain) were cultured, freeze-thawed, and incubated for 1 hour with UDP-glucose, NAD+ and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) which allows UGDH to generate NADH, and NADH to reduce NBT to a blue stain. Compared to serum-free medium, FLS treated with PDGF showed 3-fold higher UGDH activity and 6-fold higher HA release, but IL-1beta/TGF-beta1 induced 27-fold higher HA release without enhancing UGDH activity. In selected proliferating cells, UGDH activity was lost in the cytosol, but preserved in the nucleus. Cell-free assays led us to discover that diaphorase, a cytosolic enzyme, or glutathione reductase, a nuclear enzyme, was necessary and sufficient for NADH to reduce NBT to a blue formazan dye in a 1-hour timeframe. Primary synovial fibroblasts and transformed A549 fibroblasts showed constitutive diaphorase/GR staining activity that varied according to supplied NADH levels, with relatively stronger UGDH and diaphorase activity in A549 cells. Unilateral knee injury in New Zealand White rabbits (N = 3) stimulated a coordinated increase in synovial membrane UGDH and diaphorase activity, but higher synovial fluid HA in only 2 out of 3 injured joints. UGDH activity (but not diaphorase) was abolished by N-ethyl maleimide, and inhibited by peroxide or UDP-xylose. Our results do not support the hypothesis that UGDH is a rate-liming enzyme for HA synthesis under catabolic inflammatory conditions that can oxidize and inactivate the UGDH active site cysteine. Our novel data suggest a model where UGDH activity is controlled by a redox switch, where intracellular peroxide inactivates, and high glutathione and diaphorase promote UGDH activity by maintaining the active site cysteine in a reduced state, and by recycling NAD+ from NADH.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477357/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Ramya Chandrasekaran Colleen Mathieu Rishi Sheth Alexandre P. Cheng David Fong Robert McCormack Hani El-Gabalawy Suman Alishetty Mikell Paige Caroline D. Hoemann UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism PLoS ONE |
| title | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism |
| title_full | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism |
| title_fullStr | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism |
| title_short | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by PDGF in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Evidence of a redox control mechanism |
| title_sort | udp glucose dehydrogenase ugdh activity is suppressed by peroxide and promoted by pdgf in fibroblast like synoviocytes evidence of a redox control mechanism |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477357/?tool=EBI |
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