Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades.
Errors in eye movements can be corrected during the ongoing saccade through in-flight modifications (i.e., online control), or by programming a secondary eye movement (i.e., offline control). In a reflexive saccade task, the oculomotor system can use extraretinal information (i.e., efference copy) o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3735558?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818067657567502336 |
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| author | Harleen Bedi Herbert C Goltz Agnes M F Wong Manokaraananthan Chandrakumar Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo |
| author_facet | Harleen Bedi Herbert C Goltz Agnes M F Wong Manokaraananthan Chandrakumar Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo |
| author_sort | Harleen Bedi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Errors in eye movements can be corrected during the ongoing saccade through in-flight modifications (i.e., online control), or by programming a secondary eye movement (i.e., offline control). In a reflexive saccade task, the oculomotor system can use extraretinal information (i.e., efference copy) online to correct errors in the primary saccade, and offline retinal information to generate a secondary corrective saccade. The purpose of this study was to examine the error correction mechanisms in the antisaccade task. The roles of extraretinal and retinal feedback in maintaining eye movement accuracy were investigated by presenting visual feedback at the spatial goal of the antisaccade. We found that online control for antisaccade is not affected by the presence of visual feedback; that is whether visual feedback is present or not, the duration of the deceleration interval was extended and significantly correlated with reduced antisaccade endpoint error. We postulate that the extended duration of deceleration is a feature of online control during volitional saccades to improve their endpoint accuracy. We found that secondary saccades were generated more frequently in the antisaccade task compared to the reflexive saccade task. Furthermore, we found evidence for a greater contribution from extraretinal sources of feedback in programming the secondary "corrective" saccades in the antisaccade task. Nonetheless, secondary saccades were more corrective for the remaining antisaccade amplitude error in the presence of visual feedback of the target. Taken together, our results reveal a distinctive online error control strategy through an extension of the deceleration interval in the antisaccade task. Target feedback does not improve online control, rather it improves the accuracy of secondary saccades in the antisaccade task. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:27:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dee0b7a608bf4a3baaf382fee2d8a609 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:27:10Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-dee0b7a608bf4a3baaf382fee2d8a6092022-12-22T01:43:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0188e6861310.1371/journal.pone.0068613Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades.Harleen BediHerbert C GoltzAgnes M F WongManokaraananthan ChandrakumarEwa Niechwiej-SzwedoErrors in eye movements can be corrected during the ongoing saccade through in-flight modifications (i.e., online control), or by programming a secondary eye movement (i.e., offline control). In a reflexive saccade task, the oculomotor system can use extraretinal information (i.e., efference copy) online to correct errors in the primary saccade, and offline retinal information to generate a secondary corrective saccade. The purpose of this study was to examine the error correction mechanisms in the antisaccade task. The roles of extraretinal and retinal feedback in maintaining eye movement accuracy were investigated by presenting visual feedback at the spatial goal of the antisaccade. We found that online control for antisaccade is not affected by the presence of visual feedback; that is whether visual feedback is present or not, the duration of the deceleration interval was extended and significantly correlated with reduced antisaccade endpoint error. We postulate that the extended duration of deceleration is a feature of online control during volitional saccades to improve their endpoint accuracy. We found that secondary saccades were generated more frequently in the antisaccade task compared to the reflexive saccade task. Furthermore, we found evidence for a greater contribution from extraretinal sources of feedback in programming the secondary "corrective" saccades in the antisaccade task. Nonetheless, secondary saccades were more corrective for the remaining antisaccade amplitude error in the presence of visual feedback of the target. Taken together, our results reveal a distinctive online error control strategy through an extension of the deceleration interval in the antisaccade task. Target feedback does not improve online control, rather it improves the accuracy of secondary saccades in the antisaccade task.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3735558?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Harleen Bedi Herbert C Goltz Agnes M F Wong Manokaraananthan Chandrakumar Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades. PLoS ONE |
| title | Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades. |
| title_full | Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades. |
| title_fullStr | Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades. |
| title_short | Error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades: contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades. |
| title_sort | error correcting mechanisms during antisaccades contribution of online control during primary saccades and offline control via secondary saccades |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3735558?pdf=render |
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