Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review
Bladder cancer (BC) originates mainly from the epithelial compartment of the bladder, which is defined as transitional cell carcinoma or urothelial cell carcinoma. About 70% of patients with BC will survive five years from diagnosis. Previous studies revealed that the immune system and its mediators...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oman Medical Specialty Board
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Oman Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=2558 |
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| author | Alireza Nazari Zahra Ahmadi Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Mitra Abbasifard6 Zahra Taghipour Soudeh Khanamani Falahati-pour Hossein Khorramdelazad |
| author_facet | Alireza Nazari Zahra Ahmadi Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Mitra Abbasifard6 Zahra Taghipour Soudeh Khanamani Falahati-pour Hossein Khorramdelazad |
| author_sort | Alireza Nazari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bladder cancer (BC) originates mainly from the epithelial compartment of the bladder, which is defined as transitional cell carcinoma or urothelial cell carcinoma. About 70% of patients with BC will survive five years from diagnosis. Previous studies revealed that the immune system and its mediators, particularly chemokines, play a crucial role in modulating responses against BC. Chemokines, which serve as chemoattractants for
leukocytes, are small proteins that can initiate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses and also are associated with many aspects of both regulation and progression of mentioned responses. Additionally, these immune mediators can interfere with the other tumor-related processes, including tumor proliferation, neovascularization, and metastases. Among these chemokines, CXC chemokines, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are recognized as the main ligands of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and contribute to related immune responses after therapeutic strategies for BC. Evidence suggests that the production of these chemokines can have two important implications. First, these mediators can trigger the accumulation of CD8+ T cells that can contribute to the elimination of the tumor. Secondly, the production of these chemokines by tumor tissue may trigger the migration and activation of immune cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory
T cells, which act in favor of the tumor and its progress. Therefore, in this review, we describe the latest therapeutic approaches based on targeting this axis’s components and subsequent immune phenomenon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:23:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dee57e9f35ce4051a789ed9d1306e68d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-768X 2070-5204 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:23:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Oman Medical Specialty Board |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Oman Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-dee57e9f35ce4051a789ed9d1306e68d2022-12-21T19:14:46ZengOman Medical Specialty BoardOman Medical Journal1999-768X2070-52042020-03-01352e103e10310.5001/omj.2020.21Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A ReviewAlireza Nazari0Zahra Ahmadi1Gholamhossein Hassanshahi2Mitra Abbasifard63Zahra Taghipour4 Soudeh Khanamani Falahati-pour5Hossein Khorramdelazad6Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranPistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranPistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBladder cancer (BC) originates mainly from the epithelial compartment of the bladder, which is defined as transitional cell carcinoma or urothelial cell carcinoma. About 70% of patients with BC will survive five years from diagnosis. Previous studies revealed that the immune system and its mediators, particularly chemokines, play a crucial role in modulating responses against BC. Chemokines, which serve as chemoattractants for leukocytes, are small proteins that can initiate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses and also are associated with many aspects of both regulation and progression of mentioned responses. Additionally, these immune mediators can interfere with the other tumor-related processes, including tumor proliferation, neovascularization, and metastases. Among these chemokines, CXC chemokines, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are recognized as the main ligands of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and contribute to related immune responses after therapeutic strategies for BC. Evidence suggests that the production of these chemokines can have two important implications. First, these mediators can trigger the accumulation of CD8+ T cells that can contribute to the elimination of the tumor. Secondly, the production of these chemokines by tumor tissue may trigger the migration and activation of immune cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, which act in favor of the tumor and its progress. Therefore, in this review, we describe the latest therapeutic approaches based on targeting this axis’s components and subsequent immune phenomenon.http://omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=2558bladder cancercxc chemokinesreceptorschemokine |
| spellingShingle | Alireza Nazari Zahra Ahmadi Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Mitra Abbasifard6 Zahra Taghipour Soudeh Khanamani Falahati-pour Hossein Khorramdelazad Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review Oman Medical Journal bladder cancer cxc chemokines receptors chemokine |
| title | Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review |
| title_full | Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review |
| title_short | Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/ CXCR3 Axis: A Review |
| title_sort | effective treatments for bladder cancer affecting cxcl9 cxcl10 cxcl11 cxcr3 axis a review |
| topic | bladder cancer cxc chemokines receptors chemokine |
| url | http://omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=2558 |
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