On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions
This work aims at investigating the reduction/oxidation (redox) reaction kinetics on iron oxide pellets under different operating conditions of thermochemical hydrogen storage. In order to reduce the iron oxide pellets (90% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 10% stabilizing cement)...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1623 |
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| author | Bernd Gamisch Matthias Gaderer Belal Dawoud |
| author_facet | Bernd Gamisch Matthias Gaderer Belal Dawoud |
| author_sort | Bernd Gamisch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aims at investigating the reduction/oxidation (redox) reaction kinetics on iron oxide pellets under different operating conditions of thermochemical hydrogen storage. In order to reduce the iron oxide pellets (90% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 10% stabilizing cement), hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is applied in different concentrations with nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), as a carrier gas, at temperatures between between <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>700</mn><mo> </mo><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>900</mn><mo> </mo><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, thus simulating the charging phase. The discharge phase is triggered by the flow of a mixture out of steam (H<sub>2</sub>O) and N<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations in the same temperature range, resulting in the oxidizing of the previously reduced pellets. All investigations were carried out in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with a flow rate of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>250</mn><mrow><mi>mL</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. To describe the obtained kinetic results, a simplified analytical model, based on the linear driving force model, was developed. The investigated iron oxide pellets showed a stable redox performance of 23.8% weight reduction/gain, which corresponds to a volumetric storage density of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>2.8</mn><mrow><mi>kWh</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi><mtext> </mtext><mi>bulk</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, also after the 29 performed redox cycles. Recalling that there is no H<sub>2</sub> stored during the storage phase but iron, the introduced hydrogen storage technology is deemed very promising for applications in urban areas as day-night or seasonal storage for green hydrogen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:46:22Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:46:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-deed4ef4d46c413ab0963293a84fd1c62023-12-03T13:15:27ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-02-01114162310.3390/app11041623On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating ConditionsBernd Gamisch0Matthias Gaderer1Belal Dawoud2Laboratory of Sorption Processes, Technical University of Applied Sciences Regensburg, Galgenbergstraße 30, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyChair of Regenerative Energy Systems, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, GermanyLaboratory of Sorption Processes, Technical University of Applied Sciences Regensburg, Galgenbergstraße 30, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyThis work aims at investigating the reduction/oxidation (redox) reaction kinetics on iron oxide pellets under different operating conditions of thermochemical hydrogen storage. In order to reduce the iron oxide pellets (90% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 10% stabilizing cement), hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is applied in different concentrations with nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), as a carrier gas, at temperatures between between <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>700</mn><mo> </mo><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>900</mn><mo> </mo><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, thus simulating the charging phase. The discharge phase is triggered by the flow of a mixture out of steam (H<sub>2</sub>O) and N<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations in the same temperature range, resulting in the oxidizing of the previously reduced pellets. All investigations were carried out in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with a flow rate of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>250</mn><mrow><mi>mL</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. To describe the obtained kinetic results, a simplified analytical model, based on the linear driving force model, was developed. The investigated iron oxide pellets showed a stable redox performance of 23.8% weight reduction/gain, which corresponds to a volumetric storage density of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>2.8</mn><mrow><mi>kWh</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi><mtext> </mtext><mi>bulk</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, also after the 29 performed redox cycles. Recalling that there is no H<sub>2</sub> stored during the storage phase but iron, the introduced hydrogen storage technology is deemed very promising for applications in urban areas as day-night or seasonal storage for green hydrogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1623hydrogen storageiron/iron oxideredox reactionsreaction kinetics |
| spellingShingle | Bernd Gamisch Matthias Gaderer Belal Dawoud On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions Applied Sciences hydrogen storage iron/iron oxide redox reactions reaction kinetics |
| title | On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions |
| title_full | On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions |
| title_fullStr | On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions |
| title_short | On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions |
| title_sort | on the development of thermochemical hydrogen storage an experimental study of the kinetics of the redox reactions under different operating conditions |
| topic | hydrogen storage iron/iron oxide redox reactions reaction kinetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1623 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT berndgamisch onthedevelopmentofthermochemicalhydrogenstorageanexperimentalstudyofthekineticsoftheredoxreactionsunderdifferentoperatingconditions AT matthiasgaderer onthedevelopmentofthermochemicalhydrogenstorageanexperimentalstudyofthekineticsoftheredoxreactionsunderdifferentoperatingconditions AT belaldawoud onthedevelopmentofthermochemicalhydrogenstorageanexperimentalstudyofthekineticsoftheredoxreactionsunderdifferentoperatingconditions |