Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture
Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a well-established method for the production of high porosity foams. Researchers are often regulated to using a time-intensive trial and error approach to achieve target pore architectures. In this work, we performed a systematic study t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1479 |
| _version_ | 1797535323117322240 |
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| author | Prachi Dhavalikar Jason Shenoi Karim Salhadar Malgorzata Chwatko Gabriel Rodriguez-Rivera Joy Cheshire Reza Foudazi Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez |
| author_facet | Prachi Dhavalikar Jason Shenoi Karim Salhadar Malgorzata Chwatko Gabriel Rodriguez-Rivera Joy Cheshire Reza Foudazi Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez |
| author_sort | Prachi Dhavalikar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a well-established method for the production of high porosity foams. Researchers are often regulated to using a time-intensive trial and error approach to achieve target pore architectures. In this work, we performed a systematic study to identify the relative effects of common emulsion parameters on pore architecture (mixing speed, surfactant concentration, organic phase viscosity, molecular hydrophobicity). Across different macromer chemistries, the largest magnitude of change in pore size was observed across surfactant concentration (~6 fold, 5–20 wt%), whereas changing mixing speeds (~4 fold, 500–2000 RPM) displayed a reduced effect. Furthermore, it was observed that organic phase viscosity had a marked effect on pore size (~4 fold, 6–170 cP) with no clear trend observed with molecular hydrophobicity in this range (logP = 1.9–4.4). The efficacy of 1,4-butanedithiol as a reactive diluent was demonstrated and provides a means to reduce organic phase viscosity and increase pore size without affecting polymer fraction of the resulting foam. Overall, this systematic study of the microarchitectural effects of these macromers and processing variables provides a framework for the rational design of polyHIPE architectures that can be used to accelerate design and meet application needs across many sectors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:42:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df0d2d77c7a64291befdc2a94a77df1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:42:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-df0d2d77c7a64291befdc2a94a77df1b2023-11-21T18:20:53ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-05-01139147910.3390/polym13091479Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE ArchitecturePrachi Dhavalikar0Jason Shenoi1Karim Salhadar2Malgorzata Chwatko3Gabriel Rodriguez-Rivera4Joy Cheshire5Reza Foudazi6Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez7Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USAPolymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a well-established method for the production of high porosity foams. Researchers are often regulated to using a time-intensive trial and error approach to achieve target pore architectures. In this work, we performed a systematic study to identify the relative effects of common emulsion parameters on pore architecture (mixing speed, surfactant concentration, organic phase viscosity, molecular hydrophobicity). Across different macromer chemistries, the largest magnitude of change in pore size was observed across surfactant concentration (~6 fold, 5–20 wt%), whereas changing mixing speeds (~4 fold, 500–2000 RPM) displayed a reduced effect. Furthermore, it was observed that organic phase viscosity had a marked effect on pore size (~4 fold, 6–170 cP) with no clear trend observed with molecular hydrophobicity in this range (logP = 1.9–4.4). The efficacy of 1,4-butanedithiol as a reactive diluent was demonstrated and provides a means to reduce organic phase viscosity and increase pore size without affecting polymer fraction of the resulting foam. Overall, this systematic study of the microarchitectural effects of these macromers and processing variables provides a framework for the rational design of polyHIPE architectures that can be used to accelerate design and meet application needs across many sectors.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1479polyHIPEsemulsion stabilitythermodynamicspore architectureemulsion viscositypore size |
| spellingShingle | Prachi Dhavalikar Jason Shenoi Karim Salhadar Malgorzata Chwatko Gabriel Rodriguez-Rivera Joy Cheshire Reza Foudazi Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture Polymers polyHIPEs emulsion stability thermodynamics pore architecture emulsion viscosity pore size |
| title | Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture |
| title_full | Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture |
| title_fullStr | Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture |
| title_short | Engineering Toolbox for Systematic Design of PolyHIPE Architecture |
| title_sort | engineering toolbox for systematic design of polyhipe architecture |
| topic | polyHIPEs emulsion stability thermodynamics pore architecture emulsion viscosity pore size |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1479 |
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