Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study
Objective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine intervertebral motions and changes in the intervertebral foramen (IVF) area, height, and width in the lumbar spine during the application of a chiropractic procedure. Methods: Eight unembalmed cadavers (five male and three female...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mary Ann Liebert
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Integrative Medicine Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/IMR.2022.0022 |
| _version_ | 1797346261857206272 |
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| author | Maruti R. Gudavalli Gregory D. Cramer Avinash G. Patwardhan |
| author_facet | Maruti R. Gudavalli Gregory D. Cramer Avinash G. Patwardhan |
| author_sort | Maruti R. Gudavalli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine intervertebral motions and changes in the intervertebral foramen (IVF) area, height, and width in the lumbar spine during the application of a chiropractic procedure.
Methods: Eight unembalmed cadavers (five male and three female, age range 43?87 years) were procured for these experiments. Infrared light emitting markers were attached to L4, L5, and sacrum using metal rods to track the three-dimensional motion using the OPTOTRAK system. Five 4-sec cycles of flexion?distraction were performed over a 20-sec period by three clinicians. Vertebral movement data were collected using the marker data in three dimensions and the IVF by digitizing the IVF and computing the changes in area, height, and width. Vertebral motions were computed using three-dimensional kinematics in flexion, lateral bending, twisting, axial traction, and by digitizing the IVF contours; the dimensional changes in terms of height, length, and width were computed.
Results: The flexion?distraction procedure created vertebral motions. Mean and standard deviation (SD) values of movements at L4?L5 were (1) 4.2? (0.78) in flexion and mean and SD values of vertebral separations were 1.10 (0.20) mm, respectively. Mean and SD values of vertebral movements at L5?S1 were 3.68? (0.69) in flexion and mean and SD values of vertebral separations were 0.80 (0.15) mm, respectively. Clinicians have created similar movements. Increases were observed in IVF dimensions in terms of area, height, and width at the L4?L5 and L5?S1. Mean and SD values of IVF changes in area, height, and width at L4?L5 were 21.12 (3.87)%, 12.13 (1.89)%, and 5.12 (1.88)%, respectively. Mean and SD values of IVF changes in area, height, and width at L5?S1 were 18.02 (2.97)%, 8.11 (1.68)%, and 4.11 (1.40)%, respectively.
Conclusions: Intervertebral motions and IVF dimensional increases were noticed during the flexion?distraction procedure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:30:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df0ea96abb6b4999bb1eaf6197958d39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2768-3222 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:30:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Mary Ann Liebert |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Integrative Medicine Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-df0ea96abb6b4999bb1eaf6197958d392024-01-26T04:14:16ZengMary Ann LiebertIntegrative Medicine Reports2768-32222023-01-012171310.1089/IMR.2022.0022Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric StudyMaruti R. GudavalliGregory D. CramerAvinash G. PatwardhanObjective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine intervertebral motions and changes in the intervertebral foramen (IVF) area, height, and width in the lumbar spine during the application of a chiropractic procedure. Methods: Eight unembalmed cadavers (five male and three female, age range 43?87 years) were procured for these experiments. Infrared light emitting markers were attached to L4, L5, and sacrum using metal rods to track the three-dimensional motion using the OPTOTRAK system. Five 4-sec cycles of flexion?distraction were performed over a 20-sec period by three clinicians. Vertebral movement data were collected using the marker data in three dimensions and the IVF by digitizing the IVF and computing the changes in area, height, and width. Vertebral motions were computed using three-dimensional kinematics in flexion, lateral bending, twisting, axial traction, and by digitizing the IVF contours; the dimensional changes in terms of height, length, and width were computed. Results: The flexion?distraction procedure created vertebral motions. Mean and standard deviation (SD) values of movements at L4?L5 were (1) 4.2? (0.78) in flexion and mean and SD values of vertebral separations were 1.10 (0.20) mm, respectively. Mean and SD values of vertebral movements at L5?S1 were 3.68? (0.69) in flexion and mean and SD values of vertebral separations were 0.80 (0.15) mm, respectively. Clinicians have created similar movements. Increases were observed in IVF dimensions in terms of area, height, and width at the L4?L5 and L5?S1. Mean and SD values of IVF changes in area, height, and width at L4?L5 were 21.12 (3.87)%, 12.13 (1.89)%, and 5.12 (1.88)%, respectively. Mean and SD values of IVF changes in area, height, and width at L5?S1 were 18.02 (2.97)%, 8.11 (1.68)%, and 4.11 (1.40)%, respectively. Conclusions: Intervertebral motions and IVF dimensional increases were noticed during the flexion?distraction procedure.https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/IMR.2022.0022low-back painintervertebral movementintervertebral foramenchiropracticflexion?distraction procedure |
| spellingShingle | Maruti R. Gudavalli Gregory D. Cramer Avinash G. Patwardhan Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study Integrative Medicine Reports low-back pain intervertebral movement intervertebral foramen chiropractic flexion?distraction procedure |
| title | Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_full | Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_fullStr | Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_short | Intervertebral Movements and Changes in Intervertebral Foraminal Morphology in the Lumbar Spine During a Chiropractic Procedure: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_sort | intervertebral movements and changes in intervertebral foraminal morphology in the lumbar spine during a chiropractic procedure a cadaveric study |
| topic | low-back pain intervertebral movement intervertebral foramen chiropractic flexion?distraction procedure |
| url | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/IMR.2022.0022 |
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