The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner
Floral colour change is a widespread phenomenon in angiosperms, but poorly understood from the genetic and chemical point of view. This article investigates this phenomenon in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i>, a Brazilian endemic species whose flowers change from white to purple. To this end, fl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4664 |
| _version_ | 1797551173714051072 |
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| author | Fernanda Mendes Rezende Mads Hartvig Clausen Magdalena Rossi Cláudia Maria Furlan |
| author_facet | Fernanda Mendes Rezende Mads Hartvig Clausen Magdalena Rossi Cláudia Maria Furlan |
| author_sort | Fernanda Mendes Rezende |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Floral colour change is a widespread phenomenon in angiosperms, but poorly understood from the genetic and chemical point of view. This article investigates this phenomenon in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i>, a Brazilian endemic species whose flowers change from white to purple. To this end, flavonoid compounds and their biosynthetic gene expression were profiled. By using accurate techniques (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)), thirty phenolic compounds were quantified. Five key genes of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were partially cloned, sequenced, and the mRNA levels were analysed (RT-qPCR) during flower development. Primary metabolism was also investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS), where carbohydrates and organic acids were identified. Collectively, the obtained results suggest that the flower colour change in <i>P. raddianum</i> is determined by petunidin and malvidin whose accumulation coincides with the transcriptional upregulation of early and late biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway, mainly <i>CHS</i> and <i>ANS</i>, respectively. An alteration in sugars, organic acids and phenolic co-pigments is observed together with the colour change. Additionally, an increment in the content of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions in the petals, from the pink to purple stage, seemed to influence the saturation of the colour. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:40:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df112afaccb341b1b2df13874c6991fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-df112afaccb341b1b2df13874c6991fb2023-11-20T16:53:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-10-012520466410.3390/molecules25204664The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) GardnerFernanda Mendes Rezende0Mads Hartvig Clausen1Magdalena Rossi2Cláudia Maria Furlan3Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-060, BrazilCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-060, BrazilDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-060, BrazilFloral colour change is a widespread phenomenon in angiosperms, but poorly understood from the genetic and chemical point of view. This article investigates this phenomenon in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i>, a Brazilian endemic species whose flowers change from white to purple. To this end, flavonoid compounds and their biosynthetic gene expression were profiled. By using accurate techniques (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)), thirty phenolic compounds were quantified. Five key genes of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were partially cloned, sequenced, and the mRNA levels were analysed (RT-qPCR) during flower development. Primary metabolism was also investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS), where carbohydrates and organic acids were identified. Collectively, the obtained results suggest that the flower colour change in <i>P. raddianum</i> is determined by petunidin and malvidin whose accumulation coincides with the transcriptional upregulation of early and late biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway, mainly <i>CHS</i> and <i>ANS</i>, respectively. An alteration in sugars, organic acids and phenolic co-pigments is observed together with the colour change. Additionally, an increment in the content of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions in the petals, from the pink to purple stage, seemed to influence the saturation of the colour.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4664Melastomataceaeanthocyaninflavonolchalcone synthaseflavonol synthaseanthocyanidin synthase |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Mendes Rezende Mads Hartvig Clausen Magdalena Rossi Cláudia Maria Furlan The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner Molecules Melastomataceae anthocyanin flavonol chalcone synthase flavonol synthase anthocyanidin synthase |
| title | The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner |
| title_full | The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner |
| title_fullStr | The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner |
| title_short | The Regulation of Floral Colour Change in <i>Pleroma raddianum</i> (DC.) Gardner |
| title_sort | regulation of floral colour change in i pleroma raddianum i dc gardner |
| topic | Melastomataceae anthocyanin flavonol chalcone synthase flavonol synthase anthocyanidin synthase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4664 |
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