| Summary: | The genus <i>Rosa</i> is globally popular with well-established applications since it has a high edible and medicinal value. However, relatively limited research has been conducted on the composition and quality of wild <i>Rosa</i> fruits. The present study aimed to compare the properties and chemical components of five wild edible <i>Rosa</i> fruits, <i>Rosa roxburghii</i>, <i>Rosa sterilis</i>, <i>Rosa laevigata</i>, <i>Rosa davurica</i>, and <i>Rosa sericea</i>. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS approach identified the key metabolites among the five <i>Rosa</i> fruits as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. The main differential metabolites among the five fruits are flavonoids (22.29–45.13%), phenolic acids (17–22.27%), and terpenoids (7.7–24%), respectively. In total, 125 compounds served as potential markers for the five <i>Rosa</i> species. Differential metabolic pathways of five <i>Rosa</i> fruits were analyzed using the KEGG approach. <i>Rosa laevigata</i> fruits showed the highest total polysaccharide (TPS) content of 64.48 g/100 g. All the five <i>Rosa</i> extracts effectively decreased the levels of malondialdehyde while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced HaCaT cell model, demonstrating high potential for antioxidant development. Our findings suggest that the five studied <i>Rosa</i> fruits exhibit biological activity and edible value worth further exploration.
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