Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5
Abstract Background Increased coverage for institutional delivery (ID) is one of the essential factors for improved maternal and child health (MCH). Though, ID increased over time, out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for the care-seeking families had been found to be growing, parallelly. Hence, we esti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16352-w |
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| author | Sayantani Manna Damini Singh Shishirendu Ghosal Tanveer Rehman Srikanta Kanungo Sanghamitra Pati |
| author_facet | Sayantani Manna Damini Singh Shishirendu Ghosal Tanveer Rehman Srikanta Kanungo Sanghamitra Pati |
| author_sort | Sayantani Manna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Increased coverage for institutional delivery (ID) is one of the essential factors for improved maternal and child health (MCH). Though, ID increased over time, out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for the care-seeking families had been found to be growing, parallelly. Hence, we estimated OOPE in public and private health centres for ID, along with their sources and attributing factors and compared state and union territory-wise, so that financial risk protection can be improved for MCH related services. Methods We used women’s data from the National Family Health Survey, 2019–2021 (NFHS-5). Reproductive aged women (15–49 years) delivering one live child in last 5 years (n = 145,386) in any public or private institutions, were included. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency and proportions. OOPE, was summarized as median and interquartile range (IQR). To estimate the extent for each covariate’s effect, linear regression model was conducted. Results Overall median OOPE for ID was Rs. 4066 (median OOPE: private hospitals: Rs.25600, public hospitals: Rs.2067). Health insurance was not sufficient to slash OOPE down at private facilities. Factors associated significantly to high OOPE were mothers’ education, elderly pregnancy, complicated delivery, birth order of the latest child etc. Conclusion A standard norm for ID should be implemented as a component of overseeing and controlling inequality. Aiding the needy is probably just one side of the solution, while the focus is required to be shifted towards reducing disparity among the health facilities, so that the beneficiaries do not need to spend on essential services or during emergencies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:06:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df1ba6ef4a6b4258a1306ea5c454bf27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:06:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-df1ba6ef4a6b4258a1306ea5c454bf272023-08-06T11:26:34ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582023-08-0123111310.1186/s12889-023-16352-wOut-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5Sayantani Manna0Damini Singh1Shishirendu Ghosal2Tanveer Rehman3Srikanta Kanungo4Sanghamitra Pati5Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreDivision of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreDivision of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreDivision of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreDivision of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreDivision of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreAbstract Background Increased coverage for institutional delivery (ID) is one of the essential factors for improved maternal and child health (MCH). Though, ID increased over time, out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for the care-seeking families had been found to be growing, parallelly. Hence, we estimated OOPE in public and private health centres for ID, along with their sources and attributing factors and compared state and union territory-wise, so that financial risk protection can be improved for MCH related services. Methods We used women’s data from the National Family Health Survey, 2019–2021 (NFHS-5). Reproductive aged women (15–49 years) delivering one live child in last 5 years (n = 145,386) in any public or private institutions, were included. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency and proportions. OOPE, was summarized as median and interquartile range (IQR). To estimate the extent for each covariate’s effect, linear regression model was conducted. Results Overall median OOPE for ID was Rs. 4066 (median OOPE: private hospitals: Rs.25600, public hospitals: Rs.2067). Health insurance was not sufficient to slash OOPE down at private facilities. Factors associated significantly to high OOPE were mothers’ education, elderly pregnancy, complicated delivery, birth order of the latest child etc. Conclusion A standard norm for ID should be implemented as a component of overseeing and controlling inequality. Aiding the needy is probably just one side of the solution, while the focus is required to be shifted towards reducing disparity among the health facilities, so that the beneficiaries do not need to spend on essential services or during emergencies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16352-wOut-of-pocket expenditureNFHS-5IndiaPublic and PrivateInstitutional delivery |
| spellingShingle | Sayantani Manna Damini Singh Shishirendu Ghosal Tanveer Rehman Srikanta Kanungo Sanghamitra Pati Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5 BMC Public Health Out-of-pocket expenditure NFHS-5 India Public and Private Institutional delivery |
| title | Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5 |
| title_full | Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5 |
| title_fullStr | Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5 |
| title_short | Out-of-pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in India: findings from NFHS 5 |
| title_sort | out of pocket expenditure and its correlates for institutional deliveries in private and public healthcare sectors in india findings from nfhs 5 |
| topic | Out-of-pocket expenditure NFHS-5 India Public and Private Institutional delivery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16352-w |
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