Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Renewable alternatives to fossil diesel (FD) including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel have become more prevalent. However, toxicity of exhaust material from their combustion, relative to the fuels they are displacing has not been fully characterised. This study was carried out to examine p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323005171 |
| _version_ | 1797812835457171456 |
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| author | Christopher Ogbunuzor Leonie Francina Hendrina Fransen Midhat Talibi Zuhaib Khan Abigail Dalzell Adam Laycock Daniel Southern Aaron Eveleigh Nicos Ladommatos Paul Hellier Martin Oliver Leonard |
| author_facet | Christopher Ogbunuzor Leonie Francina Hendrina Fransen Midhat Talibi Zuhaib Khan Abigail Dalzell Adam Laycock Daniel Southern Aaron Eveleigh Nicos Ladommatos Paul Hellier Martin Oliver Leonard |
| author_sort | Christopher Ogbunuzor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Renewable alternatives to fossil diesel (FD) including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel have become more prevalent. However, toxicity of exhaust material from their combustion, relative to the fuels they are displacing has not been fully characterised. This study was carried out to examine particle toxicity within the lung epithelium and the role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exhaust particles from a 20% (v/v) blend of FAME biodiesel had little impact on primary airway epithelial toxicity compared to FD derived particles but did result in an altered profile of PAHs, including an increase in particle bound carcinogenic B[a]P. Higher blends of biodiesel had significantly increased levels of more carcinogenic PAHs, which was associated with a higher level of stress response gene expression including CYP1A1, NQO1 and IL1B. Removal of semi-volatile material from particulates abolished effects on airway cells. Particle size difference and toxic metals were discounted as causative for biological effects. Finally, combustion of a single component fuel (Methyl decanoate) containing the methyl ester molecular structure found in FAME mixtures, also produced more carcinogenic PAHs at the higher fuel blend levels. These results indicate the use of FAME biodiesel at higher blends may be associated with an increased particle associated carcinogenic and toxicity risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:44:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df220272e4344fe8bc3c1170ebea759c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:44:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-df220272e4344fe8bc3c1170ebea759c2023-06-03T04:21:27ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132023-07-01259115013Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsChristopher Ogbunuzor0Leonie Francina Hendrina Fransen1Midhat Talibi2Zuhaib Khan3Abigail Dalzell4Adam Laycock5Daniel Southern6Aaron Eveleigh7Nicos Ladommatos8Paul Hellier9Martin Oliver Leonard10Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKToxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKToxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UKToxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UKToxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK; Correspondence to: Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.Renewable alternatives to fossil diesel (FD) including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel have become more prevalent. However, toxicity of exhaust material from their combustion, relative to the fuels they are displacing has not been fully characterised. This study was carried out to examine particle toxicity within the lung epithelium and the role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exhaust particles from a 20% (v/v) blend of FAME biodiesel had little impact on primary airway epithelial toxicity compared to FD derived particles but did result in an altered profile of PAHs, including an increase in particle bound carcinogenic B[a]P. Higher blends of biodiesel had significantly increased levels of more carcinogenic PAHs, which was associated with a higher level of stress response gene expression including CYP1A1, NQO1 and IL1B. Removal of semi-volatile material from particulates abolished effects on airway cells. Particle size difference and toxic metals were discounted as causative for biological effects. Finally, combustion of a single component fuel (Methyl decanoate) containing the methyl ester molecular structure found in FAME mixtures, also produced more carcinogenic PAHs at the higher fuel blend levels. These results indicate the use of FAME biodiesel at higher blends may be associated with an increased particle associated carcinogenic and toxicity risk.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323005171PollutantLungEpithelialBiodieselParticulate matter |
| spellingShingle | Christopher Ogbunuzor Leonie Francina Hendrina Fransen Midhat Talibi Zuhaib Khan Abigail Dalzell Adam Laycock Daniel Southern Aaron Eveleigh Nicos Ladommatos Paul Hellier Martin Oliver Leonard Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Pollutant Lung Epithelial Biodiesel Particulate matter |
| title | Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_full | Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_fullStr | Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_short | Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_sort | biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| topic | Pollutant Lung Epithelial Biodiesel Particulate matter |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323005171 |
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