Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review
The pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135041772100225X |
| _version_ | 1818582610938429440 |
|---|---|
| author | Mateus Mittersteiner Fellipe F.S. Farias Helio G. Bonacorso Marcos A.P. Martins Nilo Zanatta |
| author_facet | Mateus Mittersteiner Fellipe F.S. Farias Helio G. Bonacorso Marcos A.P. Martins Nilo Zanatta |
| author_sort | Mateus Mittersteiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of these heterocyclic scaffolds, and over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications mentioning US in either the construction or derivatization of the pyrimidine core. This review presents a detailed summary (with 140 references) of the effects of US (synergic or not) on the construction and derivatization of the pyrimidine core through classical reactions (e.g., multicomponent, cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, and alkylation reactions). The main points that were taken into consideration are as follows: chemo- and regioselectivity issues, and the results of conventional heating methods compared to US and mechanistic insights that are also presented and discussed for key reactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:52:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df371f8856e64c5c8504dc90b2221b60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1350-4177 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:52:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-df371f8856e64c5c8504dc90b2221b602022-12-21T22:38:51ZengElsevierUltrasonics Sonochemistry1350-41772021-11-0179105683Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A reviewMateus Mittersteiner0Fellipe F.S. Farias1Helio G. Bonacorso2Marcos A.P. Martins3Nilo Zanatta4Corresponding authors.; Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, BrazilNúcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, BrazilNúcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, BrazilNúcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, BrazilCorresponding authors.; Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, BrazilThe pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of these heterocyclic scaffolds, and over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications mentioning US in either the construction or derivatization of the pyrimidine core. This review presents a detailed summary (with 140 references) of the effects of US (synergic or not) on the construction and derivatization of the pyrimidine core through classical reactions (e.g., multicomponent, cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, and alkylation reactions). The main points that were taken into consideration are as follows: chemo- and regioselectivity issues, and the results of conventional heating methods compared to US and mechanistic insights that are also presented and discussed for key reactions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135041772100225XPyrimidinesUltrasoundSynergic effectsHeterocyclesCatalysts |
| spellingShingle | Mateus Mittersteiner Fellipe F.S. Farias Helio G. Bonacorso Marcos A.P. Martins Nilo Zanatta Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Pyrimidines Ultrasound Synergic effects Heterocycles Catalysts |
| title | Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review |
| title_full | Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review |
| title_short | Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review |
| title_sort | ultrasound assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives a review |
| topic | Pyrimidines Ultrasound Synergic effects Heterocycles Catalysts |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135041772100225X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mateusmittersteiner ultrasoundassistedsynthesisofpyrimidinesandtheirfusedderivativesareview AT fellipefsfarias ultrasoundassistedsynthesisofpyrimidinesandtheirfusedderivativesareview AT heliogbonacorso ultrasoundassistedsynthesisofpyrimidinesandtheirfusedderivativesareview AT marcosapmartins ultrasoundassistedsynthesisofpyrimidinesandtheirfusedderivativesareview AT nilozanatta ultrasoundassistedsynthesisofpyrimidinesandtheirfusedderivativesareview |